and he was then obliged to go to the Pope and request an audience for Rosmini. After considerable delay the Captain of the Swiss Guard, who was at the head of the police at Gaeta, came out and admitted Rosmini to the Pope, who spoke kindly to him, saying he had been ignorant of all which had taken place, and condoled with him about it; they were Neapolitan orders-he must submit-he must go to Naples. Accordingly he went, and repaired to the police, who banished him from the kingdom. Then, when he requested his passports, they would not give them to him, saying they had received fresh orders directing that he should remain; at last they granted him the favour of permitting him to leave. From this example it is evident what rabid feeling predominated, and that it was not only directed against institutions, but vented itself in ingratitude and cruelty towards men worthy of the highest esteem. Not one of those who had earned for themselves the title of liberal, or who could give liberal advice to the Pope, was had in esteem or honour at Gaeta, whilst the instruments of the Gregorian police were on the other hand restored to credit. Amongst them was a man of the name of Nardoni, who frequented the Court, and went about amongst the courtiers, trying to convince them he was not the identical person who had been condemned to the galleys for a theft during the reign of Napoleon; he even debased himself so low in order to clear his name from such a stain, that he wanted to strip in the presence of a member of the Pope's household, to show, as he said, that he had not

got the brand of the criminal on his skin. Let this be a sample of the dignity of those whom the Court delighted to honour.

It is

The fall of Rome being near at hand, the Court, which had already matured and settled its scheme for a pure ecclesiastical restoration, turned its thoughts to the election of the Commissioner, who should proceed thither from the Pope as soon as the French had entered the city, and it made choice of Bernetti, one of the Ministers during the Gregorian restoration of 1831, a man of proud and determined character, acute intellect, harsh disposition, and averse to foreigners. said he accepted the office only on condition of being accredited with full powers, and that he had devised measures which would not have been acceptable either to the foreigners or to those who wanted to go back to the middle ages. But as France opposed the election of Bernetti, and some of the Cardinals also demurred, Antonelli suggested that two colleagues should be associated with him, but he, wishing to take the mission wholly upon himself, and aware of the reasons which had prompted the fresh proposal, resigned the charge. It being then discussed whether the Pope should return to Rome as soon as it was taken, as the French wished and entreated, or whether he should take up a temporary residence in some other part or city of the State, Cardinal Antonelli was of opinion that the latter plan should be adopted, and he said so to Balbo himself, who begged that he would not, at all events, take the Pope amongst the Austrians. Pius IX. also,

even if he did not fully confide in the French, had no great wish to throw himself into the arms of the Austrians, especially as he hoped to receive protection from the Spaniards.

Whilst these schemes were devising at Gaeta, and the French army was proceeding with the operations for the siege, germs of discord were springing up vigorously in the Roman camp; for Garibaldi, who was as brave a leader as he was an inefficient general, would not brook advice, much less obey commands, and not only ill-supported, but often embarrassed Roselli. The French, not having attacked the centre of the curtain of the Porta San Pancrazio, and threatening to attack the two bastions, numbered 2 and 3 if reckoned from the left, and 6 and 7 if reckoned from the Porta Portese, Roselli determined to cut a trench across the gorge of the bastion, construct a lunette to cover the retreat, and place a guard there; then to fortify the Aurelian wall, so that it might serve as a second line of fortification, finally to destroy the Casino Savorelli, construct a redoubt there, and making use of the hollow way which leads to the Porta Pancrazio, as a ditch, to place there the third line of fortifications, connecting it with the other works, so that retreat might be practicable as far as the bastion San Spirito, and the Città Leonina. But Garibaldi upset these plans, wasting to no purpose the strength and the blood of the troops, and arresting Colonel Amadei, who was blamed for disasters caused by his own temerity, thus increasing the ill-feeling of the army, and spoiling the entrenchments projected by

the General-in-chief, at which Cerotti, LieutenantColonel of the Engineers, had been labouring with much skill and assiduity.

On the evening of the 21st of June, the French attacked the Monti Parioli. But Roselli thought it was not so much their intention to get possession of the heights as to create a diversion, and draw off the defenders of Rome, so that the defence might be weakened at the trenches which they were making; accordingly he warned Garibaldi, entreating him to be on the alert, and to make a valiant defence. But it was so mismanaged, that the French, without any noise and without an effort, entered by the breach that very night, the 21-22nd June, and Lieutenant-Colonel Rossi, who was engaged in reconnoitring, fell unawares into the hands of the enemy, who, in a very short time, carried the Bastion No. 7, and the curtain which unites it to No. 6. Rome was thrown into consternation by this disaster, the Triumvirs stirred up the people with emphatic appeals to rise up furiously in arms; and Roselli, who wished, at any cost, to regain the ground he had lost, commanded Garibaldi, as soon as day dawned on the 22nd, to make the necessary preparations, adding that he was going to the Triumvirs, that he would return immediately, that they must hold themselves in readiness for battle. Meantime, Sterbini, with some others, went to Garibaldi, who was stationed in the Casino Savorelli, for Sterbini was never content unless he were constantly meddling. For some time past he had taken to flattering the vanity of the bold chief, saying that he would make him General-in

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chief of the Republic, even Dictator; in fact he would have made him head over his Lictors, and constituted himself Dictator; he cursed the Triumvirs, the Government, the Assembly, Roselli-everybody. Garibaldi alone, according to him, was the Providence of Rome. It is a fact, that after this mob meeting the followers of Sterbini began to cry out, that Garibaldi alone ought to direct, command, govern; and that Rome was a prey to treachery. In the meanwhile the troops returned to their quarters, and these fellows gave out that the saviour of the Republic wanted to recover the breach, but that Roselli would not give his consent. Meanwhile Sterbini ran hither and thither through the streets of Rome, abusing and calumniating Roselli, and proclaiming Garibaldi Dictator. Soon they were very near coming to blows in the devoted city, which was thus thrown into confusion by these rascals, who were only prevented from carrying their point, by a brave youth going up to Sterbini, and saying to him, bitterly, that he ought to carry his accusations to the magistrates, and not proclaim them in the streets. He then besought him, for God's sake, to cease from brandishing the torch of discord at such a crisis, and when Sterbini persisted, he presented the muzzle of a musket to his breast, on which he took to his heels. Two or three hundred insurrectionists then repaired to the chambers of the Triumvirs, but Mazzini rebuked their spokesmen with severity; and when the Assembly had to debate on the motion brought forward in a secret sitting, to give the Dictatorship, or rather the supreme direction of the defence to Garibaldi, as Ster