raised upon her; and that in a few days after fhe I perfectly recovered of them. Several ladies and "other perfons of diftinction, vifited also this young patient, and can atteft the truth of this "fact."

The very favourable event of this first trial of the Byzantine mode of inoculation in Britain, and alfo that of a fecond made on the fon of Dr. Keith*, which immediately followed, was foon generally known in London, and confequently communicated to the different parts of the kingFor an art fo new and interefting to the public, could not fail to excite the attention of people of all ranks, and more especially thofe of the medical profeffion, on whofe concurrent opinions the establishment of this foreign practice here was ultimately to depend.

dom.

However, though thefe profperous inftances of inoculation had hitherto confirmed the reports of its fuccefs at Conftantinople; and though the practice had been introduced among the English by a woman who, from her brilliant accomplishments, masculine understanding, and great influence in the fashionable circles, was, above all

* See Sir Hans Sloane's MSS. preferved in the British Mufeum. Alfo Dr. Douglafs's Effay on the Small-pox, p. 67. Mr. Maitland does not mention the name; but fays, on the 11th May he inoculated the son of one of the learned phyficians who vifited Mifs Wortley. Condamine Kirkpatrick, and fucceeding writers, have fallen into the mistake of stating Sir John Shadwell's fon as the fecond perfon inoculated by Mr. M.

VOL. IV.

N

others,

others, most likely to be followed as an example in the metropolis; yet this valuable art was ftill regarded with a fufpicious caution, and feveral months elapfed before a third trial of it was made in London.

Even four months after the inoculation of Mifs Wortley, this practice was ftill viewed in fuch a dubious light, that it was determined that feveral culprits, then in Newgate, who had forfeited. their lives to the laws of their country, fhould, on fubmitting to be inoculated, receive full pardon by the royal prerogative: a propofition which is faid by fome to have been suggested by the College of Phyficians to their Royal Highneffes the Prince and Princess of Wales; but Sir Hans Sloane ftates it to have wholly originated with the Princess of Wales. Mr. Maitland was accordingly requested to perform the operation, which he declined; but left the opportunity should be loft, Sir Hans wrote to Dr. TERRY, at Enfield, who had practifed phyfic in Turkey, to know his opinion concerning inoculation. The Doctor replied, that he had feen the practice there among the Greeks encouraged by the patriarchs, and that not one in eight hundred had died in confequence of the operation. Upon which inoculation was performed upon the following fix criminals at Newgate, on the ninth day of Auguft, 1721, in the prefence of feveral eminent phyficians and furgeons.

Mary

All these fix, who were inoculated by making incifions in both arms, and on the right leg, obtained a remiffion of the fentence of the law on very eafy terms; for in ALCOCK, on whom the operation produced the greatest crop of puftules, the number did not exceed fixty; and EVANS, having had the Small-pox the preceding year, of courfe did not receive the disease a second time.

These experiments, no doubt, tended much to the encouragement of inoculation, which in fo many inftances had now fully answered the utmost expectations of its patrons. The trials of it, however, were yet confidered by the faculty as ftill too few to afcertain the general fafety and advantage of the practice.

Early in the fpring of the year 1722, inoculation began to be adopted in various parts of England; and by order of her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales, it was practised first upon fix, and afterwards upon five, charity children, belonging to the parish of Saint James's. The fuccefs with which thefe trials were attended, induced her Royal Highnefs to cause Princess N 2 AMELIA

AMELIA and Princefs CAROLINA to be inoculated on the 19th of April, 1722*; the former being then eleven and the latter nine years of age. They were inoculated by Serjeant Surgeon Amyand, under the direction of Sir Hans Sloane: but before her Royal Highness determined upon the inoculation of the Princesses, she confulted Sir Hans refpecting the propriety and fafety of the measure. He told her Royal Highness, that

by what appeared in the several effays, it seem"ed to be a method to fecure people from the

great dangers attending the Small-pox in the "natural way. That the preparations by diet, and neceffary precautions taken, made that

practice very defirable; but that not being cer"tain of the confequences which might happen, "he would not perfuade nor advife the making

trials upon patients of fuch importance to the

public." The Princefs then asked him if he would diffuade her from it: to which he answered, he would not in a matter fo likely to be of fuch advantage. Her reply was, that the was then refolv ed it should be done; and ordered Sir Hans to go to the King (George the First) who had commanded the Doctor to wait on him upon the occafion, and it being agreed upon between his Majefty and Sir Hans, the two Princeffes were inoculated t.

* See Historical Regifter for the year 1722.

† Phil. Tranf. vol. 49. p. 518..

Both

Both these younger branches of the Royal Family paffed through the Small-pox in a very favourable manner: and inoculation, in confequence of this illustrious example, was now making a rapid progress, when the number of perfons inoculated in England amounted to 182, viz.

Claud. Amyand, Efq. Serjeant Surgeon. 17

Mr. Smith, Surgeon, and Mr. Dymer,

Apothecary, at Chichester

Dr. Brady, at Portsmouth

Mr. Waller, Apothecary, at Gofport

A Woman, at Leicester

Dr. Williams, at Haverfordwest.

13

4

3

8

Out of this number (fays Dr. Jurin) the oppofers of inoculation affirm, that two perfons died of the inoculated Small-pox; the favourers of this

practice