and worms, and confecrated in the temple of Hygeia, called Surgeons-Hall, his bones fhall be purified by proper luftrations, and erected into a statue; that this ftatue fhall be placed in a niche, with the name of the hero of which it is at once the remains and the monument written over it, among many others of the fame rank, in the gallery of a fpacious building, to be erected by lottery for that purpofe: I propofe that this gallery be called the BLOOD'S GALLERY; and, to prevent the labour and expence of emblazoning the atchievements of every individual, which would be little more than repeating the fame words, that an infcription be placed over the door to this effect- This gal feats which our legiflature has thought fit to rescue from oblivion, and reward in Juftice Hall: it has alfo removed an abfurd diftinction, and, contrary to the practice of pagan antiquity, has comprehended the killers of women among thofe who deferve the rewards that have been decreed to homicide. Now he may fairly be considered as á killer, who feduces a young beauty from the fondness of a parent, with whom fhe enjoys health and peace, the protection of the laws, and the fimile of fociety, to the tyranny of a bawd, and the exceffes of a brothel, to difeafe and distraction, stripes, infamy, and imprisonment; calamities which cannot fail to render her days not enly evil but few. It may, perhaps, be alleged, that the woman was not,lery is facred to the memory and the wholly paffive, but that in fome fenfe he may be confidered as felo de fe. This, however, is mere cavil; for the fame may be faid of him who fights when he can run away; and yet it has always been deemed more honourable to kill the combatant than the fugitive. If this claim then of the Blood be admitted, and I do not fee how it can be fet afide, I propofe that after his remains fhall have been refcued from dust remains of the BLOODS; heroes who lived in perpetual hoftility against themselves and others; who contracted difeates by excefs that precluded enjoyinent, and who continually perpetrated mifchief not in anger but iport; who purchased this diftinction at the expence of life; and whofe glory would have been equal to Alexander's, if their power had not been lefs.' N° XCIX. TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1753.. MAGNIS TAMEN EXCIDIT AUSIS. BUT IN THE GLORIOUS ENTERPRIZE HE DY D. T has always been the practice of OVID. ADDISON. tion: fo few minds are able to separate I has ady to judge of actions by the the ideas of greatness and profperity, event. The fame attempts, conducted in the fame manner, but terminated by different fuccefs, produce different judgments: they who attain their wishes, Bever want celebrators of their wifdom and their virtue; and they that mifcarry are quickly difcovered to have been de fective not only in mental but in moral qualities. The world will never be long without fome good reafon to hate the unhappy: their real faults are iminediately detected; and if thofe are not furficient to fink them into infamy, an additional weight of calumny will be fuperadded: he that fails in his endeaYours after wealth or power, will not long retain either honefty or courage.. This fpecies of injustice has fo long prevailed in univerfal practice, that it feems likewife to have infected specula that even Sir William Temple has determined, that he who can deferve the name of a hero, must not only be virtuous but fortunate. By this unreasonable distribution of praife and blame, none have fuffered oftener than Projectors, whofe rapidity of imagination and valtnefs of defign raife fach envy in their fellow mortals, that every eye watches for their fall, and every heart exults at their diftreffes: yet even a Projector may gain favour by fuccefs; and the tongue that was prepared to his, then endeavours to excel others in loudnefs of applaufe. When Coriolanus, in Shakespeare, deferted to Aufidius, the Volfcian fervants at firit infuited him, even while he ftood under the protection of the house: hold gods, but when they law that the Project Project took effect, and the ftranger was feated at the head of the table, one of them very judicioufly obferves, that he always thought there was more in him than he could think. on Machiavel has jaftly animadverted or the different no.ice taken by all fucceeding times, of the two great projectors Catiline and Cæfar. Both formed the fame Project, and intended to raife themthemselves to power, by fubverting the commonwealth: they pursued their defign, perhaps, with equal abilities, and with equal virtue; but Catiline perifhed in the field, and Cæfar returned from Pharfalia with unlimited authority: and from that time, every morarch of the earth has thought himself honoured by a comparison with Cæfar; and Catiline has been never mentioned, but that his name might be applied to traitors and incendiaries. In an age more remote, Xerxes projected the conquest of Greece, and brought down the power of Afia against it: but after the world had been filled with expectation and terror, his army was beaten, his fleet was destroyed, and Xerxes has been never mentioned without contempt. A few years afterwards, Greece like wife had her turn of giving birth to a Projector; who invading Afia with a fmall army, went forward in fearch of adventures, and by his efcape from one danger, gained only more rathnefs to rush into another: he ftormed city after city, over-ran kingdom after kingdom, fought battles only for barren victory, and invaded nations only that he might make his way through them to new invafions: but having been fortunate in the execution of his projects, he died with the name of Alexander the Great. Thefe are, indeed, events of ancient times; but human nature is always the fame, and every age will afford us inftances of public cenfures influenced by events. The great bufinefs of the middle centuries was the holy war; which undoubtedly was a noble Project, and, was for a long time profecuted with a fpirit equal to that with which it had been contrived: but the ardour of the European heroes only hurried them to detruction; for a long time they could not gain the territories for which they fought, and, when at laft gained, they could not keep them: their expeditions, therefore, have been the fcoff of idleness and igno. rance, their understanding and their vire. tue have been equally vilified, their conduct has been ridiculed, and their caufe has been defamed. When Columbus had engaged King Ferdinand in the difcovery of the other hemifphere, the failors with whom he embarked in the expedition, had fo little confidence in their commander, that after having been long at fea, looking for coafts which they expected never to find, they raised a general mutiny, and demanded to return. He found means to footh them into a permiffion to continue the fame courfe three days longer, and, on the evening of the third day defcried land. Had the impatience of his crew denied him a few hours of the time requeled, what would have been his fate but to have come back with the infamy of a vain Projector, who had betrayed the king's credulity to ulele's expences, and risked his life in feeking countries that had no existence? How would thofe that had rejected his propofals, have triumphed in their acuteneis? and when would his name have been mentioned, but with the makers of potable gold and malleable glass? The last royal Projectors with whom the world has been troubled, were Charles of Sweden and the Czar of Muscovy. Charles, if any judgment may be formed of his defigns by his meafures and his enquiries, had purpofed first to dethrone the Czar, then to lead his army through pathlets defarts into China, thence to make his way by the fword through the whole circuit of Afia, and by the conquest of Turkey to unite Sweden with his new dominions: but this mighty Project was crushed at Pultowa; and Charles has fince been confidered as a madman by thofe powers, who lent their amballadors to folicit his friendchip, and their generals to learn under him the art of war.' The Czar found employment fufficient in his own dominions, and ainufed himfelf in digging canals, and building cities, murdering his fubjects with infufferable fatigues, and tranfplanting nations from one corner of his dominions to another, without regretting the thoufands that perified on the way: but he attained his end, he made his people formidable, and is numbered by fame among the demi-gods. I am far from intending to vindicate the fanguinary projects of heroes and conquerors, conquerors, and would with rather to diminish the reputation of their .uccefs, than the infamy of their mifcarriages: for I cannot conceive, why he that has burnt cities, wafted nations, and filled the world with horror and defolation, fhould be more kindly regarded by mankind, than he that died in the rudiments of wickedness; why he that accomplished mischief thould be glorious, and he that only endeavoured it should be criminal. I would with Cæfar and CatiLine, Xerxes and Alexander, Charles and Peter, huddled together in obicurity or deteftation. But there is another species of Projectors, to whom I would willingly conciLate mankind; whole ends are generally hudable, and whose labours are innocent; who are fearching out new powers of nature, or contriving new works of art; but who are yet perfecuted with inceffaat obloquy, and whom the univerfal contempt with which they are treated often d bars from that fuccefs which their industry would obtain, if it were permitted to act without oppofition. They who find themselves inclined to centure new undertakings, only because they are new, fhould conûder, that the folly of Projection is very feldom the foly of a fool, it is commonly the ebullition of a capacious mind, crouded with variety of knowledge, and heated with inteniencfs of thought; it proceeds often from the confcioufnels of uncommon powers, from the confidence of thofe who, having already done much, are eally perfuaded that they can do more. When Rowley had compleated the Orrery, he attempted the perpetual motion; when Boyle had exhaufted the fecrets of vulgar chemistry, he turned his thoughts to the work of tranfmutation. A Projector generally unites thofe qualities which have the fairest claim to veneration, extent of knowledge, and greatness of defign. It was faid of Catiline, immoderata, incredibilia, nimis alta femper cupiebat.' Projectors of all kinds agree in their intellects, though they differ in their morals; they all fail by attempting things beyond their power, by defpifing vulgar attainments, and afpiring to performances, to which, perhaps, nature has not proportioned the force of man: when they fail, therefore, they fail not by idlenes or timidity, but by rash adventure and fruitlefs diligence. That the attempts of fuch men will often mifcarry, we may reafonably expect; yet from fuch men, and fuch only, are we to hope for the cultivation of thofe parts of nature which lie yet wafte, and the invention of thofe arts which are yet wanting to the felicity of life. If they are, therefore, univerfally dif couraged, art and difcovery can make no advances. Whatever is attempted without previous certainty of fuccefs, may be confidcred as a Project, and amongst narrow minds may, therefore, expofe it's author to cenfure and contempt; and if the liberty of laughing he once indulged, every man will laugh at what he does not understand, every Project will be confidered as madness, and every great or new defign will be cenfured as a Project. Men, unaccuftomed to reafon and researches, think every enterprize impracticable, which is extended beyond common effects, or comprifes many intermediate operations. Many that preiume to laugh at Projec tors, would confider a fight through the air in a winged chariot, and the movement of a mighty engine by the fteam of water, as equally the dreams of mechanic lunacy; and would hear, with equal negligence, of the union of the Thames and Severn by a canal, and the fcheme of Albuquerque, the viceroy of the Indies, who in the rage of hoftility had contrived to make Egypt a barren defart, by turning the Nile into the Red Sea. Thofe who have attempted much, have feldom failed to perform more than thofe who never deviate from the common roads of action; many valuable preparations of chemistry are fuppofed to have rifen from unfuccefsful enquiries after the grand elixir: it is therefore juft to encourage those who endeavour to enlarge the power of art, fince they often fucceed beyond expectation; and when they fail, may fometimes benefit the world even by their miscarriages. N° C. N° C. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1753. 1 NEMO REPENTE FUIT TURPISSIMUS. NO MAN L'ER REACH'D THE HEIGHTS OF VICE AT FIRST. TO THE ADVENTURER. Thave, perhaps, been effentially the HOUGH the characters of men fame in all ages, yet their external appearance has changed with other peculiarities of time and place, and they have been distinguished by different names, as new modes of expreffion have prevail. ed: a periodical writer, therefore, who catches the picture of evanefcent life, and fhews the deformity of follies which in a few years will be fo changed as not to be known, fhould be careful to exprefs the character when he defcribes the appearance, and to connect it with the name by which it then happens to be called. You have frequently ufed the terms Buck and Blood, and have given fome account of the characters which are thus denominated; but you have not confidered them as the last stages of a regular progreffion, nor taken any notice of thofe which precede them. Their dependance upon each other is indeed fo little known, that many fuppofe them to be diftinct and collateral claffes, formed by perfons of oppofite interefts, taftes, capacities, and difpofitions: the fcale, however,confifts of eight degrees; Greenhorn, Jemmy, Jeffamy, Smart, Honeit Fellow, Joyous Spirit, Buck, and Blood. As I have myfelf paffed through the whole feries, I fhall explain each station by a fhort account of my life, remarking the periods when my character changed it's denomination, and the particular incidents by which the change was produced. My father was a wealthy farmer in Yorkshire; and when I was near eighteen years of age, he brought me up to. London, and put me apprentice to a confiderable fhopkeeper in the city. There was an aukward modeft fimplicity in my manner, and a reverence of religion and virtue in my conversation. The novelty of the scene that was now placed before me, in which there were innumerable objects that I never conceived to Juv. TATE. exift, rendered me attentive and credulous; peculiarities which, without a provincial accent, a flouch in my gait, a long lank head of hair, an unfashionable fuit of drab-coloured cloth, would have denominated me a Greenhorn, or, in other words, a country put very green. Green, then, I continued, even in externals, near two years; and in this state I was the object of univerfal contempt and derifion: but being at length wearied with merriment and infult, I was very fedulous to affume the manners and appearance of those who, in the fame itation, were better treated. I had already improved greatly in my fpeech; and my father having allowed me thirty pounds a year for apparel and pocket-money, the greater part of which I had faved, I bespoke a fuit of cloaths of an eminent city taylor, with feveral waistcoats and breeches, and two frocks for a change: I cut off my hair, and procured a brown bob periwig of Wilding, of the fame colour, with a fingle row of curls juft round the bottom, which I wore very nicely combed, and without powder; my hat, which had been cocked with great exactnefs in an equilateral triangle, I difcarded, and purchased one of a more fashionable fize, the fore-corner of which projected near two inches farther than thofe on each fide, and was moulded into the shape of a spout: I also furnished myfelf with a change of white thread frock. ings, took care that my pumps were var. nifhed every morning with the new German blacking-ball; and when I went out, carried in my hand a little fwitch, which, as it has been long appendart to the character that I had juft affumed, has taken the fame name, and is called a Jemmy. I foon perceived the advantage of this transformation. My manner had not, indeed, kept pace with my drefs; I was ftill modeft and diffident, temperate and fober, and confequently ftill fubject to ridicule: but I was now admitted into company from which I had before been excluded by the rufticity of my appearance; I was raillied and encouraged by turns; turas; and I was inftructed both by precept and example. Some offers were made of carrying me to a houfe of private entertainment, which then I ablolutely refused; but I foon found the way into the play-houfe, to fee the two laft acts and the farce: here I learned, that by breaches of chastity no man was thought to incur either guilt or fhame; but that, on the contrary, they were effentially neceffary to the character of a fine gentleman. I foon copied the original, which I found to be univerfally admired, in my morals, and made fome farther approaches to it in my drefs: I fuffered my hair to grow long enough to comb back over the foretop of my wig, which, when I fallied forth to my evening amusement, I changed to a queue; I tied the collar of my fhirt with half an ell of black ribbon, which appeared under my neckcloth; the fore corner of my hat was confiderably elevated and fhortened, fo that it no longer refembled a fpout, but the corner of a minced pye; my waistcoat was edged with a narrow lace, my stockings were filk, and I never appeared without a pair of clean gloves. My addrefs, from it's native mafculine plainnefs, was converted to an excefs of foftnefs and civility, efpecially when I fpoke to the ladies. I had before made fome progrefs in learning to fwear; I had proceeded by fegs, faith, pox, plague, pon my life, 'pon my foul, rat it, and zookers, to zauns and the divill. Now I advanced to By Jove, 'fore ged, geds curfeit, and demme: but I till uttered thefe interjections in a tremulous tone, and my pronunciation was feminine and vicious. I was fenfible of my defects, and therefore applied with great diligence to remove them. I frequently practifed alone; but it was a long time before I could fwear fo much to my own fatisfaction in company, as by myfelf. My labour, however, was not without it's reward; it recommended me to the notice of the ladies, and procured me the gentle appellation of Jeffamy. I now learned among other Grown Gentlemen to dance, which greatly en larged my acquaintance; I entered into a fubfcription for country dances once a week at a tavern, where each gentleman engaged to bring a partner: at the fame time I made confiderable advances in fwearing; I could pronounce Damine with a tolerable air and accent, give the vowel it's full found, and look with con, fidence in the face of the perfon to whom I spoke. About this time my father's elder brother died, and left me an eftate of near five hundred pounds per annum. I now bought out the remainder of my time; and this fudden acceffion of wealth and independence gave me immediately an air of greater confidence and freedom. I laid out near one hundred and fifty pounds in cloaths, though I was oblig ed to go into mourning: I employed a court-taylor to make them up; I exchanged my queue for a bag; I put on a fword, which, in appearance at leait, was a Toledo; and in proportion as I knew my drefs to be elegant, I was lefs folicitous to be neat. My acquaintance now increafed every hour; I was attended, flattered, and carcffed; was often invited to entertainments, fupped every night at a tavern, and went home in a chair; was taken notice of in public places, and was univerfally confeiled to be improved into a Smart. There were fome intervals in which I found it neceffary to abstain from wenching; and in thefe, at whatever rifque, I applied myfelf to the bottle: a habit of drinking came infenfibly upon me, and I was foon able to walk home with a bottle and a pint. I had learned a fufficient number of fashionable toafts, and got by heart feveral toping and feveral bawdy fongs, fome of which I ventured to roar out with a friend hanging on my arm as we fcoured the treet after our nocturnal revel. I now laboured with indefatigable induftry to increase these acquifitions; I enlarged my stock of healths; made great progrefs in finging, joking, and ftory-telling; fwore well; could make a company of ftaunch topers drunk; always collected the reckoning, and was the laft man that deputed. My face began to be covered with red pimples, and my eyes to be weak; I became daily more negligent of my drefs, and more blunt in my manner; I professed myself a foe to the ftaters and milkfops, declared that there was no enjoyment equal to that of a bottle and a friend, and foon gained the appellation of an Honeit Fellow. By this diftin&tion I was animated to attempt yet greater excellence; I learned feveral feats of mimickry of the under players, could take off known characters, tell a staring ftory, and humbug with fo much fkill as fometimes to takein a knowing one. I was to fuccefsful ΚΚ |