prophets. At eleven, the duties of the day closed, and after reading a chapter in the Greek Testament, and commending himself to God, he retired to rest."

He and his colleagues were not given to boasting, but when put on their defence they could write :

"To support the cause we have exerted ourselves almost beyond our strength, and, in a climate which drinks up the spirits, have laid on ourselves labours which few constitutions in England could bear. We have deprived ourselves of all recreation, and the hours which, after the labours of the day, others devote to social intercourse with their families, we have given to extra labour or to particular studies. We have lived at one common table, and subjected the regimen of our families to each other's will, that we might devote the expense of separate establishments to that cause to which we have devoted ourselves. Were we taken away by death, our families must be turned out on the charity of the public, and, indeed, almost without a rupee, had we not husbanded the little we possessed before we joined the Mission, and which after eighteen years' accumulation is not equal to four months' produce of the labour we devote to the cause."

Labouring in such a spirit, their achievements were wonderful. Their remoter results no one can fully trace, but even the visible were such as almost to surpass belief. At the time of their death sixteen mission stations, with a larger number of sub-stations, employing in all forty-nine agents of one kind and another, were dependent on them for support. And though they lived humbly, almost meanly, and died poor, their united contributions to the cause of missions amounted to £80,000. How they must have toiled and economised to be able out of their deep poverty to give such a magnificent sum! And how entire

the consecration, which gave so much, and reserved nothing for themselves! And the paid labours which supported them and realised this amount were nothing to their more directly evangelistic efforts, their mission work proper, for which no payment was received. They not only received. no salary, but in addition to earning so much for the mission by their several occupations, they toiled for it directly as we believe few missionaries have done either before or since. While under Mr. Ward's superintendence, no less than nineteen presses were at one time constantly employed printing Scriptures and tracts, the charge of this was but a small part

of his work, the chief object to which his attention was given being the training of young men for missionary duties. Dr. Marshman, in addition to all his other labours, translated the whole Bible into Chinese, and published a Clavis Sinica, or key to the Chinese language; while at the same time he bestowed on his own countrymen the first translation of the works of Confucius. They were the first to print the Chinese characters in movable type, instead of the cumbrous wooden blocks which had previously been used; and missionaries in China sent their books to be printed at Serampore. Carey's great linguistic abilities found scope for exercise not only in acquiring, but giving instruction in the various and difficult languages of the East. In addition to his various translations of the Word of God, his philological works were such as it would seem impossible for any one man to accomplish even with all the advantages of early training and exclusive devotion to such pursuits. He had been only about twenty years in India when Wilberforce said of him in the House of Commons: "He resolutely applied himself to the study of the learned languages; after making a considerable proficiency in them,

he applied himself to several of the oriental tongues, more especially to that which I understand is regarded as the parent of them all, the Sanscrit; in which last his proficiency is greater than that of Sir William Jones or any other European. Of several of these languages he has already published grammars, of one or two of them a dic

tionary; and he has in contemplation still greater enterprises. All this time, Sir, he is labouring indefatigably as a missionary, with a warmth of zeal only equalled by that with which he prosecutes his other labours." Mr. Marshman describes his achievements thus:-" He had along with Dr. Marshman published three volumes of the Ramayun. He had given to the world grammars of the Bengalee, the

Sanscrit, and the Mahratta languages, was compiling a grammar in the language of Orissa, and carrying grammars of the Telinga and Punjaubee through the press. He was collecting materials for a universal dictionary of the Oriental languages derived from the Sanscrit, with the corresponding words in Greek and Hebrew. He had finished printing a Mahratta dictionary, and commenced the Bengalee, which eventually extended to three quarto volumes, and by which he did for that language what Dr. Johnson had done for the English."

Other auxiliary means were not neglected. He and his colleagues interested themselves in everything fitted to promote the welfare of the people. Schools were established in various parts of India, and conducted at their expense. A college was founded-literary, scientific, and theologicalfor the instruction of native youths, and especially for the training of converts for missionary work, to the funds of which they contributed, in ten years, no less than £15,000. They started and conducted newspapers and magazines, both in English and Bengalee. Hospitals, benevolent institutions, and savings banks were originated through their instrumentality; and even the Agricultural Society of India, which grew into a thing of great importance, and became "one of the most vigorous and successful agencies of improvement," owed its existence to Dr. Carey, whose bust, in token of the gratitude of its members, now adorns its hall.

But all these labours were subordinate to that which constituted Carey's great work-the translation of the Word of God. He saw that this was the first requisite to the successful conduct of the missionary enterprise, and set himself with characteristic determination to supply the lack. "I can only say," he writes, two years after his arrival in India, "that after my family's obtaining a bare allowance, my whole income-and

some months much more-goes for the purposes of the gospel, in supporting persons to assist in the translation of the Bible, in writing out copies of it, and in teaching school. I am indeed poor, and shall always be so until the Bible is published in Bengalee and Hindostanee, and the people want no further instruction." His achievements in this work far exceeded the most sanguine expectations which he had ventured to form. His plan seems to have been first to translate the New Testament, and then, as soon as the translation was published, to open a mission station among the people by whom the language was spoken. He had not been more than five years in India when he had completed the New Testament in Bengalee. Thirteen years later he wrote to a friend: "When I first entered on the translation of the Scriptures into the Bengalee language, I thought that if ever I should live to see it completed, I could say with Simeon, 'Lord, now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace, according to Thy Word;' but He has preserved me, not only to see the version finished, but has given me an opportunity of making many corrections, in succeeding editions, in various parts of it; and also has preserved me to see portions of the Bible printed in Orissa, Sanscrit, Hindostanee, Mahratta, Carnatee, Telinga, and Punjaubee; Matthew, in Chinese, and a beginning in the Burmese translation." And even this is but a small part of what he ultimately accomplished. Before his death, in conjunction with his colleagues, he had actually, to use the language of the Bible Society, "been instrumental in giving to the tribes of Asia the Sacred Scriptures, in whole or in part, in between thirty and forty different languages."

To few men has it been given to leave such a record of devoted sanctified labour, designed to promote the best interests of the human race. It may be questioned if even