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3. " Nothing would tend more to remove apologies for inattention to religion, than a fair, impartial, and full account of the education, the characters, the intellectual processes, and the dying moments of those who offer them."

4. "Then it would be seen, that they had gained by their skepticism no new pleasures, no tranquillity of mind, no peace of conscience during life, and no consolation in the hour of death."

5. “ Well-doing is the cause of a just sense of elevation of character; it clears and strengthens the spirits; it gives higher reaches of thought; it widens our benévolence, and makes the current of our peculiar affections swift and deep."

6. "A distant sail, gliding along the edge of the ocean, was sometimes a theme of speculation.-How interesting this fragment of a world, hastening to rejoin the great mass of existence! What a glorious monument of human invention, that has thus triumphed over wind and wave; has brought the ends of the earth in communion; has established an interchange of blessings, pouring into the sterile regions of the nórth all the luxuries of the sòuth*; diffused the light of knowledge, and the charities of cultivated life; and has thus bound together those scattered portions of the human race, between which nature seemed to have thrown an insurmountable barrier!

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Exception 1.- Disconnected Series'.—Exercise 1. "Youth, in the fulness of its spirits, defers religion to the sobriety of manhood; manhood, encumbered with cares, defers it to the leisure of old age; old age, weak and hesitating, is unable to enter on an untried mode of life."

2. "Let me prepare for the approach of eternity; let me give up my soul to meditàtion; let solitude and silence acquaint me with the mysteries of devòtion; let me forget the world, and by the world be forgotten, till the moment arrives in which the veil of eternity shall fall, and I shall be found at the bar of the Almighty.'

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3. "Religion will grow up with you in youth, and grow old with you in àge; it will attend you, with peculiar pleasure, to the hovels of the poor, or the chamber of the sick; it will retire with you to your closet, and watch by your béd, or walk with you, in gladsome union, to the house of God; it will follow you beyond the confines of the world, and dwell with you for ever, in heaven, as its native residence."

* Accidental 'falling' inflection, for contrast.

Emphatic Series'.-Exercise 1. "Assemble in your parishes, villages, and hamlets. Resolve,-petition,-addrèss.” 2. "This monument will speak of patriotism and courage; of civil and religious liberty; of free government; of the moral improvement and elevation of mankind; and of the immortal memory of those who, with heroic devotion, have sacrificed their lives for their country."

3. "I have roamed through the world, to find hearts nowhere warmer than those of New England, soldiers nowhere braver, patriots nowhere pùrer, wives and mothers nowhere truer, maidens nowhere lòvelier, green valleys and bright rivers nowhere greener or brighter; and I will not be silent, when I hear her patriotism or her truth questioned with so much as a whisper of detraction."

That a

4, "What is the most odious species of tyranny? handful of men, free themselves, should execute the most base and abominable despotism over millions of their fellowcreatures; that innocence should be the victim of oppression; that industry should toil for ràpine; that the harmless laborer should sweat, not for his own benefit, but for the luxury and rapacity of tyrannic depredation:-in a word, that thirty mil lions of men, gifted by Providence with the ordinary endow ments of humanity, should groan under a system of despot ism, unmatched in all the histories of the world."

Exception 3.- Poetic Series'.

Ex. 1. "He looks in boundless majesty abroad,

2.

And sheds the shining day, that burnished plays

On rocks, and hills, and towers, and wandering streams,
High-gleaming from afar."

"Round thy beaming car,
High-seen, the Seasons lead, in sprightly dance
Harmonious knit, the rosy-fingered Hours,
The Zephyrs floating loose, the timely Rains,
Of bloom ethereal, the light-footed Déws,
And, softened into joy, the surly Stòrms."
3. "Hear him compare his happier lot, with his
Who bends his way across the wintery wolds,
A poor night-traveller, while the dismal snow
Beats in his face, and dubious of his paths,
He stops and thinks, in every lengthening blast,
He hears some village mastiff's distant howl,
And sees far streaming, some lone cottage light;
Then, undeceived, upturns his streaming eyes,
And clasps his shivering hånds, or, overpowered

Sinks on the frozen ground, weighed down with sleep,
From which the hapless wretch shall never wàke.”

4. "There was neither tree, nor shrub, nor field, nor house, nor living créatures, nor visible remnant of what human hands had rèared."

5. "And I, creature of clay, like those here cast around, I travel through life, as I do on this road, with the remains of past generations strewed along my trembling påth; and, whether my journey last a few hours more or less, must still, like those here deposited, shortly rejoin the silent tenants of some cluster of tómbs, and be stretched out by the side of some already sleeping corpse."

RULE V.-[No separate exercises on this rule are deemed necessary; as it is so fully illustrated in the examples to the rule.]

Both Inflections, in connexion.

RULE I.-Exercise 1. "It is not a parchment pédigrec,-it is not a name derived from the ashes of dead men, that make the only charter of a king. Englishmen were but slàves, if, in giving crown and sceptre to a mortal like ourselves, we ask not, in return, the kingly virtues."

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2. "The true enjoyments of a reasonable being do not consist in unbounded indulgence, or luxurious éase, in the tumult of pássions, the languor of indolence, or the flutter of light amusements. Yielding to immóral pleasures corrupts the mind; living to animal and trifling ones, debàses it: both, in their degree, disqualify it for genuine góod, and consign it over to wretchedness.

3.

"What constitutes a state ?

Not high raised båttlements, or labored mound,
Thick wall, or moated gáte;

Not cities proud, with spires and túrrets crowned,
Not bays and broad-armed pórts,

Where, laughing at the storm, proud návies ride;
Not starred and spangled cóurts,—

Where low-browed baseness wafts perfume to príde !
No!-men,-high-minded MÈN,-

Men who their dúties know,

But know their rights, and, knowing, dare maintain."
Concession and Unequal Antithesis.'

Note.
Ex. "The clouds of adversity may darken over the Christian's

* The penultimate inflection falls, when a sentence ends with the rising slide

páth. But he can look up with filial trust to the guardian care of a beneficent Fàther."

2. "I admit that the Greeks excelled in acuteness and versatility of mind. But, in the firm and manly traits of the Roman character, I see something more nòble,-more worthy of admiration."

3. "We war against the leaders of evil,-not against the helpless tools: we war against our opprèssors,-not against our misguided brethren.”

4.

"Still, still, for ever

Better, though each man's life blood were a river,
That it should flow, and òverflow, than creep
Through thousand lazy channels in our véins,
Dammed, like the dull canal, with locks and cháins,
And moving, as a sick man in his sleep,
Three paces, and then faltering: better be
Where the extinguished Spartans still are free,
In their proud charnel of Thermòpylæ,
Than stagnate in our mársh.”

Exception.

Emphatic Negation'.

Exercise 1. "I'll keep them all;

He shall not have a Scòt of them;

No, if a Scot would save his sòul, he shall not."

2. "Do not descend to your graves with the disgraceful censure, that you suffered the liberties of your country to be taken away, and that you were mùtes as well as cowards. Come forward, like mèn: protèst against this atrocious attèmpt."

3. "I am not sounding the trumpet of war. There is no man who more sincerely deprecates its calamities, than I do."

4. "Rest assured that, in any case, we shall not be willing to rank last in this generous contest. You may depend on us for whatever heart or hand can dò, in so noble a cause.'

5. "I will cheerfully concede every reasonable demand, for the sake of peace. But I will not submit to uictation."

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RULE II. Question and Answer'.-Exercise 1. "Do you think these yells of hostility will be forgotten?-Do you suppose their echo will not reach the plains of my injured and insulted country, that they will not be whispered in her green valleys, and heard from her lofty hills?-Oh! they will be heard there :-yès, and they will not be forgotten.'

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2. "I will say, what have any classes of you, in Ireland, to hope from the French? Is it your property you wish to pre

serve?-Look to the example of Hòlland; and see how that nation has preserved its property by an alliance with the French! Is it independence you court?-Look to the example of unhappy Switzerland: see to what a state of servile abasement that once manly territory has fallen, under France! Is it to the establishment of Catholícity that your hopes are directed?-The conduct of the First Consul, in subverting the power and authority of the Pòpe, and cultivating the friendship of the Mussulman in Egypt, under a boast of that subversion, proves the fallacy of such a reliance.-Is it civil líberty* you require?-Look to France itself, crouching under despotism, and groaning beneath a system of slavery, unparalleled by whatever has disgraced or insulted any nation." 3. "Shall I be left forgotten, in the dust,

When Fate, relenting, lets the flower revive?
Shall Nature's voice, to man alone unjust,-
Bid him, though doomed to perish, hope to live?
Is it for this fair Virtue oft must strive
With disappointment, pénury, and páin?

No: Heaven's immortal spring shall yet arrive,
And man's majestic beauty bloom again,

Bright through the eternal year of Love's triumphant rèign." RULE III. 'Disjunctive "Or".-Exercise 1. "Will you rise like men, and firmly assert your rights, or will you tamely submit to be trampled on?"

2. "Did the Romans, in their boasted introduction of civilization, act from a principle of humane interest in the welfare of the world? Or did they not rather proceed on the greedy and selfish policy of aggrandizing their own nàtion, and extending its dominion?"

3. Do virtuous hábits, a high standard of morálity, proficiency in the arts and embellishments of life, depend upon physical formátion, or the látitude in which we are placed?

Do they not depend upon the civil and religious institùtions which distinguish the country?"

[The remaining rules on inflection,' as they are of less frequent application, are thought to be sufficiently illustrated by the examples appended to each rule. A repetition of these, however, may be useful, as an exercise in review.]

* In paragraphs constructed like the above, the successive questions rise one above another, in inflection, so as at last to reach a very high

note.

†The above rule applies to cases in which the conjunction Or is, or may be, understood.

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