the solution of the difficult problem of cutting and dressing millstones.

"The invention comprises two essential points: firstly, the application of hard stones, and especially of the diamond, to cutting and dressing the millstones, this diamond acting so as to split off or chip the stone (exactly as the hand hammer does) by attacking it with blows succeeding each other with a great rapidity; the said blows may be produced by either a rotary or rectilinear motion, but the tool or diamond carrier which has been found to work best in practice acts by rotation, and in giving to this rotation a certain rapidity, a true chipping motion or succession of shocks is produced which attacks the stone, and by causing it to chip or fly off in minute fragments, produces the desired work.

"Secondly, an entirely new machine by the aid of which the diamond is caused to work, and which will be understood from the following description: Fig. 4 is an elevation (shown partly in section) of the improved apparatus, and Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, as seen from above.

"The operation of the machine is as follows:The apparatus being placed upon the stone is levelled by means of the screws c and cl, regulating the height in such a manner that the diamond tooth of the tool will be at about the height desired. The adjustment of the height of the latter is completed by the screws j. The machine is centered by means of the set screws which press against the millstone axle or the wooden plug which is placed in the socket B. The machine is so placed that the slide F is parallel with the groove to be dressed; the shaft M is then put in motion, giving movement to the cord l, and consequently to the tool; then by the aid of the lever Q, movement is given to the carriage G, which thus moves along the slide F; during this movement the diamond tooth of the tool K, which turns with great rapidity, attacks the surface of the millstone, and forms a radiating furrow therein; the carriage is then drawn back by the ratchet movement S, the slide H is moved laterally, carrying the tooth with it, and a second furrow commenced. This operation is repeated across the groove of the stone to the end of the traverse of the slide H, after which, following grooves of the same division or group, the machine is slightly turned, and the parallelism of the slide with the groove is effected by turning the support D round the bolt f, which is then fixed in position by means of the bolt g; the carriage is then set in motion again. The position of the machine must be changed for each division or group of the furrows. As there are some millstones furrowed to the right and some to the left, the machine is so arranged that the slide F may be fixed on either side of the lug of the support Ď to which the bolt & attaches it. The position of the carriage and its movement may thus be reversed for left-hand grooves. It will be observed that the pivoting of the support D round its bolt f is not theoretically indispensable, but if this facility were not afforded, a much longer movement of the slide H would be required to reach the three furrows of the division, and consequently there would be a greater danger of its getting out of truth.

"It may also be stated that the particular arrangement of the apparatus which is shown in the drawing is that which the inventor considers the most practical, but this arrangement may be varied without departing from the principles of the invention. The diamond also, instead of acting by rotation, might operate on the millstone by means of a rectilinear or vibrating motion. The diamond, or other hard stone, may be mounted in a great variety of ways. The arrangement represented at Figs. 6 and 7 is that which the inventor considers best to unite the conditions of simplicity and solidity; it consists of two discs or washers capable of being screwed together on an axle between the shoulder t on the latter and the screwed nut u. In the interior faces of these discs, and near to their circumference, are formed small recesses v of different sizes (see Fig. 7); these recesses are opposite to each other in the two discs, and when the latter are brought together form hollow cells having a small opening at the circumference of the disc; a piece of diamond or hard stone is fitted into one of these cells, so that a point or angle projects through the hole in the circumference, and the two discs are then screwed together by means of the nut u, so as to bold the diamond perfectly firm, and the tool is complete."

"The machine comprises a frame B consisting of a central socket, from which radiate the three arms b furnished with screws c, which serve for levelling the apparatus; this socket is placed on the end of the millstone axle C, so as to centre the machine by means of set screws & when the fixed or bed stone is to be dressed, but if the running stone is to be operated upon, then the centering is effected by means of a plug of wood which is fixed in the socket, and the end of which passes into the eye of the stone. The levelling screws e do not bear directly upon the surface of the millstone A, but upon small plates e of cast iron which rest upon the latter. On the framing is mounted a support D capable of turning on a fixed bolt f, and of being secured in any desired position by means of another bolt g, which is capable of being moved in the curved slot E in the framing; to the support D a dovetailed slide F is connected by two screws or bolts h, and it is upon this slide that the tool carriage G moves; the slide F, which generally maintains the horizontal position shown in Fig 4, may, however, be slightly inclined when it is required to dress the central hollow part of the stone where the corn enters; this is effected by slightly elongating one of the holes through which the bolts h pass. The carriage G can move on the slide F from the centre to the circumference, and rice versa, and, moreover, it carries a slide H capable of moving in a direction transverse to that of the principal carriage; this slide H carries below it the tool carrier I, which is mounted upon points or pivots k, and may be fixed in any required position by means of the pressure screws j; in this tool carrier the axle J of the tool K turns upon the points or ends of the screws i; the tool carrier is also provided with two other pointed screws i1, upon which the tool is mounted when it is required to work near the centre. The tool K consists of a disc (hereinafter more particularly described) furnished on its circumference with a tooth of diamond or other hard stone either in the rough or cut, and caused to rotate rapidly by means of an endless cord or band 7. In the top of the socket B of the framing a small column L is screwed, the upper part of which forms a kind of footstep in which the pointed end of a shaft M turns; the latter receives its movement from any convenient shafting or motive power by means of a cord or band passing round the pulley m; its other pulley n gives motion to the cord or band 1, which causes the tool to rotate. The column L carries a bracket or gallows N, which may be fixed at the desired height and position by means of a set screw; this bracket is furnished with a fixed stud o, on which a lever O freely oscillates; the latter carries at one of its extremities the tension pulleys P, which guide the cord 1, and at the other end a counterpoise p, which tends constantly to raise the pulleys P, consequently the latter preserve the tension of the cord during all the movements of the carriage G. A to-and-fro motion is given by hand to the carriage G by means of the bell-crank lever Q which turns on a fixed centre at q, the lower arm of this lever being connected to the carriage by a link R. The lateral setting of the line H, and consequently of the tool K, is effected by The whole apparatus, when out of use, is stowed mean of a screw r and a ratchet motion S. To away within a box placed within the room, and counteract the ill effects of deflection, which the beneath the window, and, when required, the weight of the carriage might produce upon the cover of the box is thrown open, and forms the slide F, a supplementary foot T is fixed to that platform from which the net is suspended, holdside of the latter opposite the carriage, this foot ing chains being attached to the net, and secured being curved so as to allow of the free passage of to the floor of the room, as shown in Fig. 2. In the carriage from end to end of the slide; the the same figure it will be seen that a small windfoot T is provided with a screw c1 and a plate c'. ing drum forms part of the apparatus, and is

(To be continued.)

HAWKINS'S FIRE ESCAPE.

THE accompanying sketch ilustrates an in.
is intended to form a house fixture, so that it may
genious arrangement for a fire escape, which
always be ready for service in sudden emergency.
The apparatus consists of a square net of suffi-
cient length to reach from the upper story of a
building to the ground, and so formed that the
meshes can serve as a ladder, or as a means
lowering easily such persons as are too unnerved
of
to descend by any other process than that of
simple gravitation.

FIC.2

used for raising the escape by means of a light chain attached to it for this purpose (see perspective sketch). The network, which is formed of chains, is sufficiently large at its mouth to admit a moderate-sized person freely, but, as it contracts in its dimensions from its own weight as it nears the ground, the individual making use

some dis

of it would be enveloped in its contracting folds,
In practice it will be found expedient to secure
and force his way to the bottom without injury.
the lower end of the net at
tance from the building to which it was attached,
pleasant consequences inseparable from the con-
in order, as far as possible, to obviate the un-
present time, when the question of compelling
tact of sliding humanity with hot chains. At the
fire escapes to be attached to dwellings is being
discussed, such an arrangement as the present
ought to be well received, and, indeed, we believe
that it is highly spoken of in influential quarters.
New York has set us the example in insisting upon
the providing of fire escapes to separate houses, and
some 11,000 buildings have already been fitted with
them. It is an example our municipal authori-
ties would do well to imitate, and would certainly
be the means of saving many lives which are now
annually sacrificed.

DOIRIER'S IMPROVED VELOCIMANE.

MARTIAL DOIRIER, of Périgueux, Dor

FIG. 2

ment fitted to the fore wheels with the object of

dogne, France, a coachbuilder, has leaving them play enough to prevent any hindrance patented an invention for improvements in veloci- to their evolution. The result of this novel pedes. The idea of utilising manual power by com-arrangement is claimed to be a much greater active bining it with well known mechanical principles to power when mounting an incline, paved or uncover a given distance much more rapidly and paved, a requirement which no vehicle of this nature has hitherto met. Figs 1 and 2 are rewith much less fatigue than by the means of loco-spectively a front and side elevation of the machine. motion natural to mankind is not new, as is proved by the various and numerous systems of velocipedes which have already appeared. Nevertheless, and despite their number, these various processes imperfectly accomplish the object with which they have been conceived, and none completely fulfil all the conditions requisite to the simple and regular action that should form the basis of their construction. The patentee believes that he has solved

REVIEWS.

Arithmetic, Theoretical and Practical, by W. H.
GIRDLESTONE, M.A., of Christ's College,
Cambridge, &c. Second edition, revised and
enlarged. Rivingtons: London, Oxford, and
Cambridge.

BY

ASTRONOMICAL NOTES FOR MAY.

A FELLOW OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL
SOCIETY.

THE Right Ascension of the Sun at Mean Noon on the First of May is 2h. 33m. 488., and his North decliuation 15° 5′ 56". He is consequently about halfway between the three bright Stars in Aries, and the Pleiades; and somewhat beneath a line joining these two asterisms (Map of "Eastern Sky," Vol. X, p. 64.) He now souths before Mean Noon, and the Equation of time must consequently be subtracted from the hour indicated by a sundial. On the first day of the Month this equation is 3m. 2.78., and increases to 3m. 58:58. on the 14th, after which it diminishes, and on the 31st amounts to 2m. 38:68. The Sun rises in London on the 1st at 4h. 35m., and on the 31st at 3h. 52m., setting at 7h 21m. and 8h. 3m. on those days respectively. He is consequently 14h. 46m. above the horizon at the beginning of the Month, and 16h. 11m. above the horizon at the end of it. As we are now arriving at the period of greatest solar activity, the disc of the Sun will for some time never be free from spots, and consequently will form a remarkable and attractive telescopic object. Details will be found at p. 169 of our last volume, of the most effective methods of observing the phenomena exhibited by our great centre of light and heat.

The Moon will enter her first quarter at 38 minutes minutes past 6 a.m. on the 15th; enter her last quarter at 6h. 9m. a.m. on the 22nd, and be new in the forenoon of the 30th at 57 minutes past 9. She will be in Perigee at 9 o'clock in the morning of the 14th, and in Apogee at9 at night on the 26th. She will be in conjunction with Jupiter at 5h. 31m. a.m. on the 2nd, and with Mercury 3 hours later. At 10 o'clock on the morning of the 6th

past 3 on the afternoon of the 8th. Will be full at 3

with Uranus; and at 20 minutes before noon on the

17th with Saturn; with Venus at 32 minutes past 5 in the early morning of the 26th; with Mars at 6.49 on the evening of the 28th; once more with Jupiter with Mercury at 38 minutes after midnight of the

at 2 minutes past 1 a.m. on the 30th; and finally again

same day. There will be three Occultations of Stars

this problem by the production of the locomobile
apparatus, to which in view of its special construc-
tion he has given the name of " velocimane."
This novel aid to locomotion, or locomotive engine,
has three wheels, two in front, the other behind.
This number is not, however, invariable, and some
may be constructed with four wheels, which would
materially increase the original stability. The
impulsion is given mainly by the action of the feet
of the rider upon two pedals with cranks, these
giving a rotary motion to an axle, which in its
turn transmits it to the two front wheels. This
axle is an entirely novel application; it has a
double action; that is to say, its particular arrange-
ment permits it in the first place to turn on itself,
and further to diverge obliquely to the right or
left, and thus to give the direction. Two other
cranks of less size than those first mentioned tie
these latter to the axle; their main purpose is to
receive the heads of two connecting rods, which at
the opposite end couple on to a horizontal shaft.
The axle revolves between two bearings fitted on
two forked pieces acting as supports; it is governed
by the pole pin or working bolt, which being of
one piece with the part in question, thereby permits
he desired direction to be given to the axle. The
entire arrangement rests as it were upon the two
forked pieces. The fore carriage has a moveable
plate composed of two superposed parts, through
which passes the working bolt, and which receives
at its upper part a lantern bearer, and the support
of the beam which upholds the hind wheel. Rest THIS volume is an exhaustive cyclopædia of the Mars is also a morning Star, but continues in a most

THE science of arithmetic has probably been
favoured in a greater degree than any other
with attempts at elucidation by those who least
understood its guiding principles. These would-
be teachers deemed it quite sufficient, after a few
pages of weights and measures, and examples of by the Moon during May; the first on May 14th when
numeration and notation, to give the most 2 Libræ will disappear at the moon's dark limb at
abbreviated description of the rules, dimly 11h. 29m. and re-appear at her bright limb at 12h. 21m.
illustrated by marginal examples. All attempts On the 16th Ophiuchi will be occulted at the bright
at explanation of the principles on which those limb of the Moon at Sh. 34m., and re-appear at her
rules are based, and of which, indeed, they are dark limb at 9h. 29m., at which time she will be rising.
merely the mechanical exponents, were (perhaps Later on the same night, at 10.13, the Star 5866 of the
wisely) left to the care of the teacher, who, too" British Association Catalogue," will disappear at
frequently, was as unprepared for the task as the the bright limb, and re-appear at the dark limbat 11.19.
book he consulted. Mr. Girdlestone's book is a The age of the Moon at noon on the 1st is 0-7 day; at
pleasant antidote to the remembrance of such the same time on the 2nd, 17 days, and so on. At 11
works. His system insists on the clear compre- o'clock at night on the 7th, Libration
hension, by the student, of reasons, and his book brought an additional part of her S.E. limb into view:
is, as he says, "a protest against the still common and at 6 a.m. on the 28th, more of the S.W. part of
process of teaching sums,' which may be called her disc than usual will be visible from the same
the 'magical process." Follow the rule as
laid down," says the master, "do not trouble
yourself about the reason; but do this-do that
and, hey-presto, the answer." We recommend the
purchase of Mr. Girdlestone's book to those of
our readers who require a comprehensive and
comprehensible book on arithmetic.

6

eause.

will have

Mercury is an evening star during May, and will be

most favourably situated for observation on the 11th, and for a few days afterwards. He may then be picked up, glittering to the West of North above the sunken Sun. Venus is a morning Star throughout

the month. She will be dichotomized a little before
the middle of it. The young Student who may have

observed her during the time she was approaching in-
notice how
ferior conjunction in February, will
markedly her apparent diameter has now decreased.

The Gas Manager's Handbook, &c., &c. By THOMAS NEWBIGGING, A.I.C.E. London: W. B. King, 11, Bolt-court, Fleet-street, E.C. ing or guide pedals are fitted and fixed to the literature of gas lighting. The author has laid forked pieces. The following pieces meet on the his hands on everything good that already existed working bolt: 1o. The main support of the seat, in the way of tables and statistics, and has emwhich receives the saddle intended for the rider. bodied the whole, with many additions, in the 29. The arched support of the beam intended to form of a volume, the want of which has been with which he is in conjunction at 2.34 a.m. on the receive and uphold the beam of the hind wheel. long felt by gas engineers and managers. An25th. He is on the Meridian at 2 minutes after noon

38. The support of the directing or guiding arm, interesting chronology of gas lighting is appended
which serves to give to the axle the oblique move-to the book.
ments required during the journey, and in the
second place to work a brake placed in front of the Gas Economy-Things worth knowing about Gas.
wheel. 49. The support of the horizontal shaft, By ROBERT FERRIER, Inspector of Meters for
which by the aid of two crank handles communi- the City of Edinburgh. London. Houlston
cates to the above-described connecting rods an and Sons; Edinburgh, Menzies and Co.
alternate come-and-go motion, thereby producing THIS little book is issued in the interest of the
the rotary propulsion. 5°, and lastly. The upper gas consumer. There are many things connected
curved part for carrying the lantern. The two with gas lighting which, if attended to on the
first and the last of these pieces do not however part of the consumer, would promote economy
completely adhere to the pole pin or working bolt, and comfort, and prevent occasional disputes be-
but are united to it by the aid of a wrought-iron tween the company and himself. These Mr.
perforated piece on which they abut, and which Ferrier has successfully endeavoured to point out.
traversed by the said pin facilitates its rotary His position renders him perfectly independent in
motion; the other pieces mentioned above. the matter, so that the rights and duties of con-
find their actual fulcrum upon the working sumer and manufacturer are fairly stated. The
Independently of the preceeding pieces cheap price at which the work is published must
the inventor uses a shifting click arrange-insure it a good sale.

bolt.

unfavourable position for observation. He is in Aries, passing just to the confines of Taurus at the very end of the month. Jupiter, also in Taurus, is practically invisible during May, from his proximity to the Sun,

on the 23rd. Of course, the phenomena of his satellites are absolutely invisible during this period. Saturn, in the Constellation Sagittarius, albeit at an inconve

niently small altitude, now rises and comes into view at a more convenient hour of the night. He rises on the 1st at 11h. 11m. p.m., and on the 31st at 9h. 6m.p.m. The opening of his rings is now about at its maxi mum and but for his proximity to the horizon, he would be very favourably placed for examination. Uranus, in Gemini, is rapidly approaching the Sun, but may still be seen in the north-westerly part of the Heavens after dusk. He sets at 58 minutes after midnight on the 1st, and 59after 10 on the 31st. Neptune is too close to the Sun to be seen.

Arago thought that there were some slight grounds for expecting a shower of Shooting Stars about the middle of May, and as no opportunity should be lost of adding to our knowledge of these strange Cosmical visitors, it may possibly be worth while to look out about the period referred to.

DOMESTIC RECIPES.

THE "FOOD JOURNAL" SOUP.-This is a most excellent and economical soup for poor people. For one quart of soup, fry three onions in dripping, about the size of a walnut; then take half a carrot, and cut it up in small pieces, with one turnip, half a dozen potatoes, a little salt, pepper, and white ginger. Boil them together for four hours, very slowly. The cost is a little over a halfpenny a plateful of half a pint. SPINACH FRITTERS. Boil some spinach thoroughly, drain it well, mince and add some grated bread, nutmeg, ginger and cinnamon, all pounded; add as much cream, or yolks and whites of eggs, as will make it of the consistence of batter; scald a few currants, and mix them in. Drop the batter into a frying pan, on boiling lard, and as soon as the fritters rise take them out, drain, and serve.

POTATO PUDDING.-A few potatoes must be well boiled, and mashed fine, with a little milk, then sweetened to taste, and pressed into a pie-dish. Beat one egg, and lay it on the top, with a little grated nutmeg, and bake for half an hour.

POTATOES FOR NURSERY DINNERS.-Stir new milk into mashed potatoes till the mixture is as thin as double cream. Boil this with a little butter, pepper, and salt, for ten minutes.

[We do not hold ourselves responsible for the opinions
of our correspondents.
The EDITOR respectfully
requests that all communications should be drawn
up as briefly as possible.]

*.* All communications should be addressed to the
EDITOR of the ENGLISH MECHANIC, 31, Tavistock-
street, Covent Garden, W.C.

All eheques and Post Office Orders to be made payable to J. PASSMORE EDWARDS.

All the toothed

ALLEN'S REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES. SIR,-The proposal lately made to devote a portion of your valuable space to the consideration of agricultural matters is a good one. It will, I imagine, embrace agricultural inplements; and as the farmers will soon be busy in the hay-fields-that is, if the traditional "April showers" only put in an appearsend a description of an improved reaping and mowance during the few days still left of the menth-I ing machine invented by William Allen, of Auburn, New York, U.S.A. The object of this invention is to construct reaping and mowing machines in such a manner that they will be more durable and less liable to derangement, and may be worked with less BREAKFAST DISHES. - Omelette with or with-power than the machines heretofore constructed. To out herbs, and a layer of minced mutton or other meat this end all the teeth of the toothed gearing are cut is a favourite dish for breakfast. Also sandwiches instead of being roughly cast, so that they will work made of hot toast and bacon between, with or without more smoothly than heretofore. anchovy paste. A young rabbit cut up and fried is gearing and part of the mechanism, moreover, is much liked. Minced mutton or beef, with bread-enclosed within a cast or wrought iron box provided crumbs and clarified butter, salamandered, also make with a lid, so that access may be obtained thereto a change, in addition to kidneys and the remains of when required. The running or supporting wheels of poultry and game, which all come in for breakfast the machine are mounted on an axle outside the dishes. bearings, and between which is mounted a driving wheel provided with internal teeth. The cutting mechanism is driven from this wheel, which drives a pinion on the end of the cross shaft of a bevel wheel, which drives a similar wheel on a short shaft, at the opposite end of which is another internal toothed wheel which drives a pinion on the crank shaft, whereby the cutter bar is actuated. Recesses are formed in the cast-iron case and its cover to receive the shafts and the projecting parts of some of the wheels, and the irons to support the driver's seat are inserted in sockets cast on or attached to the hinged cover of the box or case.

THE following amusing recipe for a dish of frogs is taken from a collection in Lady Llanover's excellent cookery book: Take the thighs aud fry them in clarified butter, then have slices of salt eel watered flayed, boued, boiled and cold: slice them in thin slices, and season both with pepper, nutmeg, and ginger; lay butter on your paste, and lay a rank of frog and a rank of eel, some currants, gooseberries, grapes, raisins, pineapple seeds, juice of orange, sugar and butter; this do three times: close up your dish, and when baked, ice it. Make your paste of almond milk, flour, yolks of eggs, and sugar. In the afocesaid dish you may add fried onions' yolks of hard eggs, cheese curds. almond paste, and grated

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine; Fig. 2 a
plan of the same with the cover thrown back to show
the mechanism; and Fig. 3 an end view.
D. STUDELY.

POTATO DIBBLE.-ANTS.

SIR,-By way of adding my mite to the agricultural department of our journal, 1 have enclosed a sketch of an improved potato dibble, which I have had in use for the last four years, by the aid of which I can plaut potatoes at more than double the rate I can by using an ordinary dibble. It may be useful to some of our gardening friends. The manner of using it is as follows:-The foot is placed between the uprights to force the dibble into the ground, at the same time Jaying hold of the two cross handles at the top to guide it. They als serve to pull it up again. The lateral extension gives the distance from one hole to the next.

I shall be much obliged if any of our friends can inform me of a way to destroy ants. Boiling water has no effect on them; I have emptied three kettles of boiling water into their holes, and in half an hourthey were as lively as ever. I have also tried Glenny's plan of putting a marrow bone close to their holes to entrap them, but they will not go into it.

T. COOKE. PATENT STEAM ENGINE LUBRICATOR. (For illustration, see next page.) SIR,-We shall feel much obliged if you can make it convenient, and think it of sufficient utility to your readers, to insert the enclosed drawing of our patent steam engine lubricator. The advantages we claim for it over any other, whether impermeter, suet-cup, or revolving plug, are that it is not left to the vacuum, pressure of steam or condensation, which are all uncertain. Ours gives an uniform supply of lubrication, and above all is safe, inasmuch, as it is forced by the

ram.

1. Rod which screws into tube to prevent lubricating substance escaping while working.

2. Cup to prevent overflow of tallow while fiilling. 3. Threaded tube fixed through the bottom of ram, and down which the cylinder is supplied.

4. Bevel wheel and spur cast together, and keyed on a wrought-iron bush.

5. Cap on top side works wheel and bush on bottom. 6. Uprights to which the cap is fixed.

7. Ram, which is cast hollow.

8. Glan, to prevent tallow or steam escaping.
9. Cylinder which holds tallow.
10. Tap connected with feed-pipe.

11. Eccentric shaft with worm and rack-wheel.
12. Lever and catch adjusted to the most convenient
place for working.

13. Thumb-screw to handle in position while working. 14. Handle to throw out of gear when worked down. 15. Reversing motion to refell the cylinder. JAMES AND E. TURNER, Buckley, near Rochdale.

FIG. 2

PUMP FOR MODEL ENGINE.

As a favourable contrivance for low waterfalls, and for putting small volumes to advantage-for instance, to produce a 4 h.p., as desired by T. W. Boord, query 2473, for driving amateur machinery, with a volume of 68 cubic feet per minute playing into a wheel 5ft. 8in. diameter and 17in. broad, he can gain the power required. Or if "B. C." wishes to fix a much less costly engine than my turbine suggestion behind his dam, 7ft. high, he can, with a volume of 200 cubic feet per minute playing into a wheel 16ft. diameter and 4ft, broad, gain 12 h.p. In proof of this, before submitting it to you and my brother readers, I made one 4ft. 6in. diameter and 14in. broad, and gained over h.p. from a stream of 54 cubic feet per minute. To find the diameter and breadth of wheel, as a rule one-twelfth the lineal of the volume of water gives the diameter, and one-fourth the diameter the breadth. To find the power, multiply the weight of the volume of water per minute in pounds by half the diameter of wheel (the amount of fall), and that product by the breadth of the wheel (the leverage power), and divide by 33.000, and you have the TURNER'S ENGINE LUBRICATOR.-(See page 156.) number of h.p., which, less 15 per cent. gives the ordinary speed power, or rather 85 UNNOTICED QUERY-PUMP FOR MODEL per cent. is the speed power, 3 to 4 revolutions per ininute. Fig. 1 represents an edge view of my waterwheel A fitted on a shaft set at the angle of 45°, resting on two bearings CC. The funnel-shaped mouth is the same in diameter at N N as the breadth of the

ENGINE. TO "HYDRAULICAN." SIR.-I forward drawing of a feed-pump I put some ime since to an engine such as you describe, only larger; also of the clack-box to go on the boiler, as you must

wheel, and SS shows two bevel wheels for conveying the power. Fig. 2 is a section of the spiral partitions, represented as loaded with water to excessive power, as may occur on the starting of the wheel, or on being cheeked by excess of work, such as driving circular saws, cutting through thick timber, &c.

Parties having a continual convenient stream of water sufficient to supply from in. to an inch pipe, may drive my centre-fluid hydraulic, as I call it, with a wheel 18in. diameter and 4in. broad, to keep up a continuous supply of compressed air for from one to six jets of my coal gas apparatus, whether for burning, brazing, heating, boiling, or cooking of any description. The four mouths of the wheel are at right angles with the wheel, as seen at mr, to retain a power level of water from m to r, Figs. 1 and 2.

I do not give an explanation of the centre-fluid hydraulic, as it is simply the reversed motion of an enlarged scale of the working drum of the wet gas. meter, as generally known, for measuring gas consumed, which gives a steady compressed current of air. JOHN C. SHEWAN, Pitchcombe Works, near Stroud, Gloucestershire.