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IMPLEMENTS, agricultural, 64, 156
Improved: air pump, 443; combination
tool, 176; fires, Kapper's, 17; friction-
clutch, 569; life-preserving dress, 110;
machine for mortising timber, 31: port-
able steam engine, 469; screw-driver,
248; tricycle, 308, 420, 468; velocimaine,
155; waggon-wheel, 220
Improvements in: cooking, 60; direct-
acting engines, 108; filtration, 180;
motive power, 224; paddle-wheels, 108;
power-looms, 608; turret clocks, 84
Index for dividing plate, 114
Insect, cochineal, 137

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Looms, power, 608

Low-water detector, 325

Lubricators: economic, 109; Turner's, 157
Lull's improved friction-clutch, 569
Lunar motion, 545

MACCLESFIELD velocipede, 89
Machinery for: boring rock, 373; cutting
irregular forms, 208; drilling rock, 272,
300; fret-sawing, 612; magneto-electric,
132; making beet sugar, 393; making
soda-water, 404; mortising timber, 31;
mowing, 156; planing, 429, 493; sewing,
113, 157, 231, 232, 281, 376, 588; shear-
ing, punching, and stretching, 133; smut-
ting grain. 594, 595: stoning cherries,
252; turning medallions, 617; washing,

429.

Magneto-electric machines, Slater's, 132
Making soda-water, 404
Mallet, 119.

Management of bees, 597

Manchester wheel gauge, 328
Map of the Darien Canal, 129
Maranta arrow-root, 612
Materials, strength of, 123
McCarthy and Cunningham's improved
motive power, 224

Measure and funnel combined, 136
Mechanical fingers, 395; mechanical
movements, 5, 28, 53, 76, 104, 124, 148,
177, 200, 221, 248, 269, 292, 321, 314, 365,
392. 417, 440, 464, 488, 336, 581
Medallion turning, 617

Medical coil, 189

Mensuration of superficies, 502
Meteors and comets, 482

Meters: evaporation, 492; gas, 571
Metronome, the, 161

Microscope, the, 579; microscope, Perry's,

253

Microscopic accessories, 416, 613; micro-

scopic appearance of starches, 493, 612
Microscopical examination : of cocoa,
293; of coffee and chicory, 81

Milburn's apparatus for desiccating grains,

13

Millstones, 128, 152. 201, 373
Miltonian bicycle, the, 352
Mitrailleuse, the French, 516

Model engine pump, 157; model steam-
engine, 213, 236

Moistening labels, 136

Momentum and attraction, 444

Moncrieff's hydro-pneumatic gun-carriage,

564

Money, Irish ring, 238

Moon, the, 43

Mordan's self-centering chuck, 514

Mortising timber, 31

Motion link, 352, 425, 520, 541, 580;

lunar, 545; motions and figure of the
earth, 7, 89, 135, 209

Motive power, improvements in, 224
Mounting planing machine, 493
Mowing machine, Allen's, 156
Musical notation, 496
Mussel-climbing. 561
Muzzle for dogs, 405

NAMES on plans, 141, 188
Nature, sketching from, 3, 4, 106
Nebula and comets, 273, 296
Needham's starter for sewing-machines,

232

Nets, fishermen's, 380

Now lathe by George Plant, 421; new
style of railway, 277; New York pneu-
matic tunnel, 32, 36, 37
Notation, musical, 496

OBTAINING motive-power, 224

Occultation of Saturn, 136

Old coins, 94, 118

Opera-glass lenses, 136, 185

Operations of the wood-boring beetle, 176
Optical and spectroscopical, 323, 500, 586
Organ accordion stand, 546; organ blow-
ing, 228; organ construction. 112
"Otter" for lifeboat service, 233
Oval, 526

Oxyhydrogen gas stove, 41

PADDLE-WHEELS, Wright's, 108
Pan, vacuum, 393
Papers, clip for, 284
Parabolising specula, 37
Paris, defences of, 560

Patent: apparatus for cleaning grain,
348; coil, Varley's, 20: compound set,
128; rotary spader, 64; starter for
sewing-machines, 232; wedge-driving
drums, 113

Patterns: cylinder, 260; girder, 259
Pedespeed, the, 61

Perkins's high-pressure engine, 109
Perry's microscope, 253

Perspective, 332; perspective drawing,

397

Phantom bicycle, 277

Photographic, 333: photographic tent, 520

Photoscope, the, 377

Piano string-space, 352
Piston pressure, 599;
Pistons, Ramsbottom's, 405

Plan for carrying trains across the Straits
of Dover, 324; plan for cutter-bar, 187
Planet Vulcan, the supposed, 84, 137
Planing machine, 429, 493
Plans, names on, 141, 188
Plant, cochineal, 137; Plant's lathe, 421
Plough, bookbinders'. 259
Pneumatic tunnel, New York, 32, 36, 37
Polariscope, the, 468

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Practical geometry, squaring the circle
by, 301

Preserving flowers, 357

Presses: bookbinders' cutting, 65; Gough's
arming, 441, 442; leather, 597
Pressure: on columns, 21; on piston, 599;
of water, 598

Printing and arming press, 441, 442;
printing names on plans, 141, 188
Problems, 19, 44, 70, 141, 188, 477, 597
Projections, 93

Propellers, Fothergill's, 12
Proposed Darien Canal, 129
Protractor, 23

Pulleys and blocks, 425; pulleys, Kelsey's
wedge-driving, 113

Pumps: air, 325, 445; model-engine, 157;
Shand's steam. 85

Punching, shearing, and stretching ma-
chine, 133

QUANTITATIVE analysis, 88

RAILWAYS: street, 277; system,
Hutchinson's, 149; trains across the
Straits of Dover, 324
Ramsbottom's pistons, 405
Readings from the globes, 208, 252, 278,
329, 353, 372, 422, 472, 518, 588
Reaping machine, Allen's, 156
Reciprocal geometry, 601
Reclining sundial, declining, 62
Rectifying the circle, 370, 522
Reeds, harmonium, 382
Rest, slide, 249

Rifles: Chassepot, 517; Soper. 138
Rihoux's life-preserving dress, 110
Ring money, Irish, 238

Road locomotive, 253

Roberts's galvanic battery, 305; Roberts's
triple vacuum-pan, 393
Rock-drilling machines, 273, 300, 373
Roller barrow, 359

Rotary spader, patent, 64

Rotatory engines, 61, 115

Royal Polytechnic barometer, 8

Ruddick steam-engine, the, 489

SACKS, lifting, 140

Safety-valves, 214, 260, 280, 309, 325, 352
Saltaire lathe, the, 52

Satellites of Uranus, 522

Saturn, 136, 505, 529
Saw-teeth, 139

Science for the young, 78, 79, 80, 105, 154,

171, 196, 222, 268, 296, 297, 318, 338, 364,
411, 413, 485, 507, 508, 532, 533, 557, 581,
582

Scraper for boilers and tubes, 429
Screw-cutting lathe, small, 252; screw-
driver, improved, 248; screw power,
592; screw-propellers, Fothergill's, 12,
Scroll for head-rail, 425

Seck's apparatus for cleaning grain, 348
Self-acting blowpipe, 305; self-acting feed-
water heater, 369; self-centering wire-
chuck, 544; self-feathering screw pro-
pellers, 12; self-propelling vehicles, 77
Setting jewelled holes, 428
Sewing-machines, 113, 157, 231, 232, 281,
376, 588

Shand's steam-pumps and fire-engines, 85
Shearing animals and skins, 125; Shear-
ing, punching, and stretching machine,
133

Shells, concussion, 136

Shewan's spiral water-wheel 157
Shiptonian velocipede, the, 253
Sirius, spectrum of, 362

Sketching from Nature, 3, 4, 106
Skins, shearing, 125

Slater's magneto-electric machines, 132
Slide-rest, spherical, 249; slide screw-
cutting lathe, small, 252; slide-valve,
255, 589

Slot-cutting, 112

Small slide screw-cutting lathe, 252
Smith turn buckle, the, 612

Smut and separating machine, 594, 595
Soda-water machine, 404

Solar calorimeter, 416; solar eclipses, 225
Solomons's compound set, 128
Soper rifle, the, 138

Sources and application of electricity, 26,
27, 75, 195, 196, 265, 388, 531, 580
Space for strings in piano, 352
Spader, patent rotary, 64
Specimens of turned work, 372
Spectroscopical and optical, 323, 500
Spectrum of Sirius, 362

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engines and pumps, 85; steam joint,
571; steam-power, 46; steam whistle, 43
Step for bicycle, 614

Stevens's improvements in cooking, 60
Stockwell's improved combination tool,

176

Stone and brick, drill for. 183
Stoning-cherries, machine for, 252
Storer's direct-acting engines, 108
Stove, oxyhydrogen gas, 41
Strains on girders, 10

Street railway, 277

Strength of materials, 123

Stretching, shearing, and punching ma-
chine, 133

String and belt, Wampum, 44; string
space in piano, 352

Stripes of the sunbeam, 145, 172, 193, 217
Structure of a country, geological, 271
Sunbeams, stripes of, 145, 172, 193, 217
Sundials: erect declining, 15; declining
reclining, 62

Sun spot, 397; sun's parallax, 402
Superficies, mensuration of, 502
Supposed planet Vulcan, 84, 137
Swinging-gate latch, 61
Symbols, chemical, 49, 99
System of railways, Hutchinson's, 149

TEETH: wheel, 328; saw, 139
Telegraphy, 527

Telescopic, 85, 204, 472, 527, 586, 602
Tent, photographic, 520

Theory and application of electricity, 26,
27, 75, 195, 196, 265, 388, 531, 580.
Three-wheeled velocipede, 262
Throttle-valve, 261

Timber, machine for mortising, 31

Tool-holder, 209; tool, improved combina-
tion, 176; tool for inclined or level sur-
faces, 401

Trains across the Straits of Dover, convey-
ing, 324

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VACUUM-PAN, triple, 393
Valves: double-beat Cornish, 356; lead
of valve, 255; lever of valve, 260; safety,
214, 260, 280, 309, 325, 352; slide-valve,
589; throttle-valve. 261; valve, 20
Varley's patent coil, 20

Vehicles, self-propelling, 77
Veloce, $33

Velocimane, Doirier's, 155

Velocipedes: English," the, 65: four-
wheeled, 521: "Macclesfield," the, 89;
"Shiptonian," 253; sportsman's, 349;
three-wheeled, 262; trotting, 76; true,

32

Vicissitudes of the flute, 411, 459, 604
Vulcan, the planet, 84, 137

WAGGON-WHEEL, Keyes's, 220

Wampum string and belt, 44
Washing machine, 429
Waste, cotton, 19

Watches, winding, 443

water-

Water-barometer, 396: water, convexity
of, 252; water, distilling, 380; water-
gauge and gauge-cock, 61;
heater, feed, 369; water-power, 46;
water-pressure, 598; water-weed, Ame-
rican, 553; water-wheel, 228

Watering garden, 334

Watson's deep tubular wells, 276
Wedge-driving drums, Kelsey's, 113
Weed, American water, 553
Wells, tubular. 276
Whalebone-splitting, 499

What stripes the sunbeam, 145, 172, 193,

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INDEX TO VOL. XI.

ABSTRACT of paper on the sun, 577
Abuses and uses of the ear, 5, 28, 51
Accessories to the microscope, 462
Accidental colours, 289

Action of the jaws in drowning, 364;
action of magnetism on light, 33
Activity, lunar, 511
Adulteration of coffee, 81
Æronautical Society, 295
Air, filtered, 102

Albert Hall, organ for, 54

American water-weed, 553
Analysis, food, 175, 202, 292
Ancient coins, 169, 197, 218, 314

Animal magnetism, 343; animals, shear-
ing, 125

Antiquity of the world, 313, 337, 362, 410,
435 484, 553, 580
Antiseptic, a new, 559
Aplanatic searcher, 179

Apparatus: desiccating grains, 4; dis-
tilling, 604; optical 606; smutting grain,

343

Application of photography to military
purposes, 439; application and theory of
electricity, 26, 74, 146, 195, 218, 265, 340,
387, 481, 530, 579

April, astronomical notes for, 34
Arming press, Gough's, 441

Art workmanship competition, 319
Astronomical notes, for April, May, June,
July, August, and September, 34, 155,
250, 346, 444, 563; Astronomical Society,
Royal, 8, 109, 224; astronomical stu-
dents, hints to, 73, 265, 386
August, astronomical notes for, 444
Auk, the great, 124

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Beet-root sugar, 392

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Bicycle, the Phantom," 276

Plane's machine for mortising timber, 31
Blast furnace, regenerative, 244
Blindness, colour, 121, 150, 169, 194
Blowpipe, the ENGLISH MECHANIC, 77
Body and mind, 177, 197, 221, 242, 274,
841, 366

Boiler evaporation, meter for, 490; boiler
inspection, 466; boilers: high pressure,
459; stationary, 459

Boring insects, 176; boring rock, machine
for, 367

Bort for dressing millstones, 127, 152, 178,

200

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Combination tool, improved, 175

Combustion, phenomena of, 2, 32, 55
Comet, Halley's, 50, 77, 100

Comets and meteors, 313, 362, 434, 482;

comets and nebulæ, 272, 295
Common roads, steam on, 442
Competition of art-workmen, 319
Compound engines, 465; "compound set,"
Solomons's, 128

Condition of the sun, 577

Constructing high electrical resistance,
466

Constructive horology, 418

Country and town microscopical jottings,
337, 363 410, 436, 484
Cranes, wrought-iron, 443, 536, 583
Cunningham and McCarthy's improve-
ments in obtaining motive power, 223
Currents, electric, 603

Curious caterpillars, 20, 125, 243, 339, 487.

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ARTICLES.

Cutting glass, 298
Cyclosis in Anacharis, 553
Cylinders, friction in, 273, 294, 344, 388

DARIEN CANAL, proposed, 129
Decorticating grain, 343

Deep coal-mining, 294; deep tubular
wells, 275; deep wells, motive power
from, 391

Defences of Paris, 560
Desiccating grains, 4

Determination of sulphur in irons, 54
Diamond or bort for millstones, 127, 152,
178, 200; diamond-pointed steam drills,
272; diamond rock-boring machine, 367
Different kinds of foods, value of, 107;
different modes of working coal, 269,
294

Direct-acting engines, Storer's, 108
Discoveries, recent scientific, 58, 245, 368
Distilling apparatus, Coffey's, 604
Doirier's improved velocimane, 155
Dress, life-preserving, 110
Dressing lead ores,

80; dressing mill-
stones, 127, 152, 178, 200
Drilling machine, the Burleigh, 299;
drilling rock, 272

Drills, diamond-pointed, 272
Drowning, action of the jaws in, 364
Duty of steam-engines, 319
Dyeing, phosphates in, 511

EAR, the, its uses and abuses, 5, 28, 51
Earth, the, its figure and motions, 6
Eclipses, solar, 225

Economic lubricator, 109

Economical purification of coal gas, 394
Economising heat, 388
Edge tools, grinding, 275
Efficient lathe, an, 52

Electric currents, 603; electric fulgurator,
the, 224

Electrical resistance, high, 466
Electricity, its theory, sources, and appli-
cation, 26, 74, 146, 195, 218, 265, 340, 387,
481, 530, 579

Electro-typographic machine, 510
Elementary science, 54, 78, 105, 154, 171,
196, 222, 267, 296, 318, 337, 364, 411, 485,
507, 532, 556, 581

Emigration to Victoria, 315, 345, 389
Employment of workmen, 174
Enamel, printing on, 538
Enamelling liquor barrels, 586
Energy, 366, 390, 415, 510

Engineers, Manchester Institution of, 31
Engines: compound, 465; direct-acting,

108; duty of, 319; high-pressure, 106;
portable, 467; Ruddick, the, 489
ENGLISH MECHANIC blowpipe, the, 77;
ENGLISH MECHANIC lifeboat, 101; ENG-
LISH MECHANIC Mutual Improvement
Society, Manchester, 220 ; ENGLISH
MECHANIC Society of Arts, Edinburgh,
180, 195, 300; English steam road-roll-
ing, 605
Escape, fire, 153

Evaporation meter for boilers, 490
Examination papers, Whitworth Scholar-
ships, 316; examination of rocks and
minerals, microscopical, 580; examina-
tion, systematic microscopic, 299
Exhaust steam for heating purposes, 56
Exhausted tea-leaves, 127
Exhibition of 1871, 321; Exhibition,
Workmen's International, 409, 457
Exhibitions, working men's, 385, 457
Experiment, medical, 390

Experimental research in relation to em-
ployment for workmen, 174
Experiments on the resistance of iron and
steel, 539

FELLOW of the Royal Astronomial So-
ciety, articles by:-

Astronomical notes, 34, 155, 250, 346,
444, 563

Flight of a star, 361

Saturn, 505, 529
Time, 1

What stripes the sunbeam, 145, 172,
193, 217, 241

Figure and motions of the earth, 6
Filtered air, 102

Filtration, improvement in, 180

Fire-escape, Hawkins's, 153: fireproof
apparatus for smutting grain, 343
Flight of a star, 361

Flute and its vicissitudes, the, 411, 458, 557,
603

Food analysis, 175, 202, 292: food, gelatine
as a, 586; food, value of, 107
Forecasting of storms, 537, 560
Formation and antiquity of the world, 313,
337, 362, 410, 435, 484, 553, 580
France and Prussia, strength of, 509
Friction, 33, 82, 250, 467, 513, 585; friction
in steam cylinders, 273, 294, 344, 388
Fulgurator, electric, 224
Furnaces, hot blast, 244

GALVANIC batteries, 297

Gas management, 292; gas manufacture,

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HALFPENNY postage, 391
Halley's comet, 50, 77, 100
Harmonium, practical treatise on, 25, 99,
178, 290, 433, 458, 555
Hawkins's fire-escape, 153

Heat, economising, 388; heat, solar, 416;
heat, Professor Tyndall on, 55
Heating with exhaust steam, 56
High electrical resistance, 466; high-
pressure boilers, 459; high pressure
engines, 106

Hints on microscopes, 274; hints on
watering plants, 490; hints to astro-
nomical students, 73, 265, 386
Horology, constructive, 418
Horse, geological pedigree of, 102
Hot-blast furnaces, 244

How to choose a microscope, 418, 531;
how to collect insects, 317; how mer-
curial thermometers are made, 539;
how to obtain stereoscopic photographs
of microscopic objects, 606; how to use
cements, 538.

Hutchinson's new railway system. 148
Huxley, Professor, on the horse, 102

IMPROVED: combination tool, 175; life
preserving dress, 110; machine for mor-
tising timber, 31; portable steam-
engine, 467; screw-driver, 248; veloci-
mane, 155; waggon wheel, 220
Improvements in: direct-acting engines,
108; filtration, 180; gas manufacture,
507;

obtaining motive-power, 223;
optical apparatus, 606; paddle-wheels,
108; power-looms, 607
Information, geographical, 126
Inorganic chemistry, 506, 554
Insects, boring, 176; insects, collecting,

317

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LATHE and its uses, 248; lathe for
Titus Salt, Esq., 52
Launching a great caisson, 465
Laws on patents, the, 202
Lead ores, dressing, 80
Leaf as a worker, the, 391, 509
Leaves, tea, 127

Lieut.-Gen. Hutchinson's railway system,
148

Life, organic, 462, 486; life, progression
of, 534, 558; life-preserving dress, 110
Lifeboat, the ENGLISH MECHANIC, 101;
lifeboat, steam, 202
Light and magnetism, 33
Liquor-barrels, enamelling, 586
Liver, structure of, 56
Lockyer, Mr., on the sun, 110, 320
Looking-glasses, platinised, 27, 56
Looms, power, 607
Lubricator, economic, 109
Lunar activity, 511

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Manufacture of gas, 507; manufacture of
Portland cement, 582

Manufacturing sugar from beets, 392
Materials, strength of, 97, 122, 199, 842
Mathematics, 57, 83, 180

May, astronomical notes for, 155
McCarthy and Cunningham's motive-
power, 223

Measures and weights, 440

Mechanical movements, 4, 27, 53, 75, 104,
124, 148, 176, 200, 220, 247 269, 291, 321,
344, 365, 392, 417, 440, 464, 488, 535, 584
Medical experiment, 390
Mercurial thermometers, 539
Metallic paint, Jay's, 179
Metamorphoses of bees, 582

Meteors and comets, 313, 362, 434, 482
Meter, evaporation, 490

Method of high electrical resistance, 466
Microscopes: choosing, 274, 418, 531, 578;
mounting for, 602

Microscopic accessories, 462; microscopic
examination, 299; microscopic objects,

606

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NATURE, sketching from, 3, 106
Nebula and comets, 272, 295
Norman Lockyer on the sun, 110, 320
Notation, modern chemical, 9
Notes, astronomical, 34, 155, 250, 346, 444.
563; notes of proceedings, Astronomical
Society, 8, 109, 224; notes on recent
scientific discoveries, 58, 245, 368
New: antiseptic, 559; electro-typographic
machine, 510; patent compound set,
128; salt for intense electric currents
603 sphygmoscope, 586

New York pneumatic tunnel, 32

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Physical condition of the sun, 577

Piece of granite, a, 562

Plants, watering, 490

Platinised looking-glasses and mirrors,
27, 56, 438

Pneumatic tunnel, New York, 32
Polarisation of heat, 55

Polytechnic barometer, Royal, 8

Popular food analysis, 175, 202

Porcelain, printing on, 538
Portable steam-engine, 467
Portland cement, 582

Postage, halfpenny, 391

Power from deep wells. 391; power
looms, 607; power, motive, 923

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SAFETY in working coal, 269, 294

Salt, 181: salt for intense electric cur
rents, 603

Saturn, 505, 529

Scenery and geological structure of a
country, 219, 270

Scholarships, the Whitworth, 316
Science for the young, 54, 78, 105, 154,
171, 196, 222, 267, 296, 318, 337, 364, 411,
485, 507, 532, 556, 581; science, proba-
bilities in, 103

Scientific discoveries, recent, 58, 215, 368
Screw-driver, improved, 248
Searcher, aplanatic, 179

Seek's apparatus for smutting grain, 343
Sections, prismatic, 414
Selecting microscopes, 274
Self-propelling vehicles, 77

September, astronomical notes for, 563
Shearing animals or skins, 125
Shoeburyness, mitrailleur at. 511
Sketching from Nature, 3, 106
Skins, shearing, 125

Slide-rest, spherical, 248
Smutting grain, 343

Society of Arts' art workmanship compe-
tition, 319

Soirée of the Royal Microscopical Society,
121

Solar eclipses, 225; solar heat, 416
Solomons's "compound set," 128
Sources of electricity, 26, 74, 146, 195, 218,
265, 340, 387, 481, 530, 579
Spectroscopic observations of the sun,
320

Spherical slide-rest, 248
Sphygmoscope, new, 586

Spontaneous generation of living things,
422

Star, flight of a, 361; star grouping, star
drift, and star mist, 246, 267
Stationary boilers, 459

Steam cylinders, friction in. 273, 294, 344,
388; steam drills, diamond-pointed,
272: steam engine, portable, 467; steam
engine, the Ruddick, 489: steam
engines, duty of, 319; steam, exhaust,
56; steam lifeboat, 202; steam on com-
mon roads, 442; steam read-rolling in
England, 605

Steemer, rond, 511
Steel, resistance of, 539

Ster escopic photographs of miscroscopic
cbjects, COG

Stockwell's improved combination tool,
175

Storer's direct-acting-engines, 108
Storms, forecasting, 537, 560
Story of a piece of granite, 562
Strength of France and Prussia, 509;
strength of materials, 97, 122, 199, 312
Stripes in the sunbeam, 145 172, 193, 217,
241

Structure of a country, geological, 219,
270; structure of the liver, 56
Studying insects, 317
Sugar from beets, 392
Sulphur in irons, 54

Sun, the, 577; sun, Norman Lockyer on
the, 110, 320; sunbeam's stripes, 145, 172,
193, 217, 241; sunstroke, theory of, 603
Surface of the moon, 559
Swarming of bees, 582
Symbols, chemical, 49, 97
System of railways, Hutchinson's, 148
Systematic miscroscopic examination, 299

TEA-LEAVES, exhausted, 127
Telescopic work for moonlight evenings,
418, 436, 602

Temperature of the sun, 577
Testing the duty of steam-engines, 319
Theory and applications of electricity, 26,
74. 146, 195, 218, 265, 340, 387, 481, 530,
579; theory of nebula and comets, 272,
295; theory of sunstroke, 603
Thermometers, mercurial, 539
Thomson's road-steamer, 511
Timber, machine for mortising, 31
Time, 1

Tools: combination, 175: edge, 275
Town and country miscroscopical jottings,
337, 363, 410, 436, 484

Treatise on the harmonium, 25, 99, 173,
290, 433, 458, 555

Tree, varnish, 439

Trotting velocipede, the, 76
True velocipede, the, 31
Tubular-wells, Watson's, 275
Tunnel. Broadway Pneumatic. 32

Tyndall, Profesor: on filtered air, 102; on
heat, 55

USE of phosphates in dyeing. 511; uses
and abuses of the ear, 5, 28, 51; uses of
the lathe, 248; uses of photography,

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

[Many of the subjects under this head will also be found in “Notes, Queries, and Replies.”]

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Allen's reaping and mowing machine, 156
Amalgamation as a preventive of rust,

279; amalgamation movement, the. 424
Amateur farming. 87; amateur micro-
scopical society, 617
America, travelling in, 86
Analysis: quantitative, 87; spectrum, 306,
611; analyses, water, 187, 204, 253, 282,
353, 877

Ancient: architecture in India, 160;
British gold coin, 520; granite working,
16; musical instrument, 16
Angles and tangents 303, 351; angles, tri-
section of, 89, 257, 329, 376
Aperture and power of telescopes, 14
Apparatus, electro-magnetle, 185
Apparent paradoxes in equations, 88
Appeals: & Cumberland miner's, 307, 326,
350, 593; a workman's, 331, 349

Approximate mode of rectifying the circle,
376, 468, 522, 545

Approximations, geometrical, 451

Architecture in India, 160

Arithmetical problem, 227

Arithmometer, the, 114

Airow-root, 567, 612

Arsenic tet, 10

Artificial ice, 11, 62

Artillery discharges and rain, 448, 495, 545

Ash-box for locomotives, 568
Astronomical, 58, 114, 130, 158, 132, 185,
204, 210, 2341, 251, 257, 277, 280, 323, 349,
369, 401, 444, 450, 491, 494, 47, 518, 586,
593; astronomical notes, 563
Attraction and momentum, 444
Auric chloride, 588

BACK-WHEEL bicycle, 136
Balancing millstones, 426
Ball, earth, and gun, 450

Bands, galvanic, 11

Bar, cutter, 353; bar, micrometer, 379, 403

Baric chlorate, 64

Barium, chlorate of, 10, 186

Barm, 15

Barometer, water, 396

Barometric pressure, 444

Barton's feed-water heater, 369
Bath Forum recreations, 354

Batteries, 570, 587, 591; batteries: Cal-
laud's, 328, 347, 377, 522: chemical, 88;
galvanic, 225, 494; gauze, 211; iron in,
402, 447, 450, 522: manganese, 38;
Roberts's galvanic, 305
Beardsley's dynamics, 112, 163, 225
Bedford Canal experiment, 183
Bees, 115

Belfast Workmen's Exhibition, 257
Bell, clock, 330

Bellies of violins, 111

Belts of Jupiter, 35, 134
Bennett's chuck, 41, 114

Bicycle: ninety miles a day by a, 137:
riding, 374, 398, 426, 494, 521, 543, 566,
592, 614; step for, 614

Bicycles, 329, 351, 376, 426, 472; bicycles:
back-wheel, 136: Miltoniau, 352
Big heads and phrenology, 40, 90
Biology and big heads, 90
Blacking brasswork, 587

Blindness, colour, 232, 234, 254, 258
Blocks, powers of, 425

Blowing glass, 113; blowing organ, 229
Blowpipe, self-acting, 305

Blue mahoe wood, 111, 159, 160

Boat-building, 616

Bodies, heavenly, 282

Body, the human, 449

Boehm flute, 280, 376

Boilers: feeding, 204, 227, 426; Field, the,
522, 543; incrustation of, 62: power of,
590; safety valves of, 852; scraper for,
491; scale in. 230; testing, 282
Bolters, silk, 403

Book-edges, cutting, 349; bookbinders'
cutting press, 64
Boomerang, the, 160, 257

Boring cylinders, 234, 396; boring insects,
258

Bottoms of cylinder covers, 521
Bow, cross, 15

Brake, carriage, 64

Brasswork, blacking. 587

Brazilian railways, 371

Bread-making, 15, 63

Breaker, contact, 181

Brewing, 161

[blocks in formation]

Carriage break, new, 64; carriage, gun,
564; carriage wheels, 495; carriages,
steam, 304, 329

Case hardening, 59, 114, 159

Cause of light, 543, 564; cause of storms,
403 cause of the tide, 184

Cell, Slater's iron, 494

Chains, strength of, 163, 186, 207, 254
Chassepot rifle, the, 517, 594

Cheap gas, 354, 370, 400, 420, 448, 498, 512,
569; cheap water barometer, 396
Chemical, 136, 160, 184, 282, 331, 447, 493,
590, 592; chemical battery, 88; chemi-
cal floriculture and pomology, 312, 379,
497; chemical solutions, 474
Chemistry, 611

Cherry-stoning machine, 252
Cheshire salt-mine, a, 355

Chicory and starch, 161

China grass, 87

[blocks in formation]

MECHANIC

Colliery ventilation, 11

Colony, an ENGLISH MECHANIC, 330
Colour-blindness, 232, 234, 254, 258;
colours of Jupiter, 86; colours of stars,
256

Combined funnel and measure, 136; com-
bined drill, runner and tap, 111; com-
bined punching, shearing, and stretching
machine, 132

Comfort for railway travellers, 86

Commerce and trade, 161, 184, 206, 209,
227, 257, 278, 306, 326, 329, 351, 875, 378
Comparative temperature in June '69 and
'70, 403

Composition of the human body, 449;
composition of the meteorites, 570
Comstock's rotary spader, 64
Concave lens, 307

Concussion shells, 136

Condenser, microscopic, 305, 353
Conductors, lightning, 544

Cones, frustrum of, 474

Cones flour, 10

Congratulations, 323

Conic sections, 446, 474, 497

Constellation names, 446

Constructing telescopes, 158, 251

Construction of: clavichord, 373; lathes,

448, 474; organs, 112; velocipedes, 210,

374

Consumption, tobacco a preventive of, 591
Contact-breaker, 181

Contributors and querists, 546, 587
Convexity of water, 252

Cooking, Stevens's improvements in, 60
Copper sheathing, 160

Cornwall and Devon, 324

Cosmology, lunar, 423, 519, 545, 610
Cottage and cabinet pianoforte, 41
Cotton-spinning, 111, 133, 136. 162, 182,

204, 230, 254, 283, 302, 330, 350, 403

Coventry tricycle the, 468

Covering piano-keys, 86

Covers of cylinders, 521

Craters, lunar, 233, 374, 468, 519

Criminal literature, 63

Criticism, unfair, 374, 401, 426, 446

Cross-breeding plants, 378; cross-bow, 15
Crossing the Straits of Dover, 323
Crushed oats, 64

Crystals, soda, 10

Culture, mushrooms, 400; vine, 593
Cumberland miner's appeal, a, 307, 326,

350. 593

[blocks in formation]

EARTH, the, its figure and motions, 89,
134, 159, 161, 163, 182, 209, 212, 234, 256,
257, 258, 303; earth, gun, and ball, 450
Eccentrics, 355, 400

Education: military, 401; scientific, 570
Effects of carbonic acid, 590
Elastic boiler and tube scraper. 491
Electric experiments, air pump for, 325;
electric light for pictures, 492; electric
machines, 14; electric machines, Slater's,
131; electric spark, resistance to, 135
Electrical discoveries, 307; electrical psy-
chology, 113

Electricity, 375, 396; electricity, ignition,
by, 521

Electro-gilding, 424; electro-magnetic ap-
paratus, 185; electro-magnetism, 544,
570; electro-plating, 424
Ellipsograph, 448
Elliptical gearing, 397
Ellipticity of the earth, 256
Emigration, 402, 444, 492, 520, 543; emi-
gration to Canada, 403; emigration and
geography, 115, 230, 255, 258. 253, 302,
327; emigration to Victoria, 378
Employment and advertising, 226
Engine lubricators, 156, 185, 212; engine-
pump, model, 157

Engines: carding, 136; rotatory, 61, 114;
steam fire, 84; wheel-cutting, 12
Engineering query, 39

ENGLISH MECHANIC: colony, 380, 402;
lifeboat, 251; microscopical society,
592; mutual improvement societies, 89,
130, 159, 187, 351; society for Bristol,
593

English roads, 65, 89; English velocipede,
the, 65, 89, 230

Equations, 35, 38, 88, 131, 159, 226, 284,

306

Equisonant flute, Clinton's, 425
Equivalents, 590

Erect declining sun-dial, 14
Examination of ale, miscroscopic, 522;
examination papers, South Kensington,
590; examination questions, 369
Exhibitions: Belfast Workmen's, 257;
Workmen's International, 130, 162
Expanding drills, 233

Experiments: air-pump for electric, 325;
Bedford Canal, 183; on light, Tyndall's,

11

Expo-ure of plates, 545

Explanatory, 35, 63, 112

Eye, the, 256, 308, 546; eyesight, 306, 332

FACTS wanted, 184

Fairlie's "Little Wonder," 208
Fairy wheels, 233, 258
Farming, amateur, 87

Fats and oils, vegetable, 331, 347, 379
Feathers, purifying, 895

Feed-water heater, 301, 329, 369, 610
Feeding boilers, 204, 227, 369, 426
Feet, tender, 590

Field boiler, the, 522, 543

Figure and motions of the earth, 89, 134,
159, 163, 182, 209, 212, 234, 256, 257, 258,
303

Files, renovating, 230

Finding position of eccentrics, 400
Fingering the flute, 373

Fingers, mechanical, 305

Fire engines, steam, 84; flres, Kapper's
improved, 17

Fishing-rods, 111, 159, 162, 450
Flight, 282

Floriculture and pomology, chemical, 332,
879, 497

[blocks in formation]

Focal length of concave lens, 307
Focus, 591

Fog-horns, 160,496

Fontenelle, the crater, 468, 519
Foot-lathe for turning bungs, 15
Forces, parallelogram of, 375
Forms, irregular, 208

Fortifications of Paris, 593

Forum recreations, Bath, 354

Fossil, coal-measure, 612

Fothergill's self-feathering screw-propel-
lers, 12

Four-wheeled velocipedes, 320, 521

"F. R. A.S." and the "Nautical Almanac,"
14, 35, 58

Fraunhofer's lines, 114

Free-reed organs, 518, 569, 614

French mitrailleuse, the, 515

Fresco-painting, 497

Fret-saw machine, 612

Friction wheels, 446

Fruit-preserving, 450

Frustrum of cone, 474

Fuel, gas as a, 16; fuel of the sun, 160,
203, 225

Functions of food, 207

Funnel and measure, combined, 136
Fusce for concussion shells, 136

GALVANIC bands, 11; galvanic batte-
ries, 225, 494, 522; galvanic battery,
Roberts's, 305

Galvanism, medical, 281, 326
Galway, Mayo, and Sligo, 348
Gas by a new process, 474; gas as a fuel,

16; gas for heating greenhouse, 12;
gas mains, tool for, 111; gas stove, oxy-
hydrogen, 41; gas: carbonic acid, 614,
615; carburetting, 63; cheap, 354, 370,
400, 420, 448, 498, 542, 569
Gate latch, 61

Gauge-cock, 60; gauge, water, 60
Gauze battery, platinised, 211
Gearing, elliptical, 397

Geography and emigration, 115, 230, 255,
258, 283, 302, 327

Geology, 303, 325; geology of Ireland,

282

Geometrical approximations, 451; geo-
metry, 300

Germ diseases, 616; germ theory the, 258,
307

Girders, strain on, 10

Glass: alabaster, 590; blowing, 113;
burning, 208; stained, 114

Glasses: object, 40, 185, 252, 282, 333;
орега, 195, 185

Globes, readings from the, 208, 252, 278,
329, 352, 372, 421, 472, 518, 542, 588
Glue, melting, 587

Gold: chloride of, 592; coin, ancient, 520;
testing, 590

Good: chemical battery, 88; Hope, Cape
of, #73; instrument, a, 15; paint, 135
Gourds, 350

Granite-working in ancient times, 16
Grass: China, 87; rhea, 114
Gravity lactometer, 36
Great circle sailing, 424
Greenhouse heating, 12, 284

Greenwood's fret-saw machine, 612
Grinding: object glasses, 333; speculum,

[blocks in formation]

Handy tent, photographic, 520
Handwriting. 469, 515, 545
Harmonium, the, 186, 206, 226, 234, 398,
451, 514, 518, 569, 614, 615; harmonium
keys, 86; harmonium reeds, 41, 90, 471
Harvest, the, 492

Hawkins's musical notation, 58, 227
Heads, big, and phrenology, 40, 90
Heaters for feed water, 301, 329, 369, 610
Heating greenhouses, 12, 284
Heavenly bodies, light of, 282
Height of clouds, 515, 543, 569, 587
Herschelian telescope. 563
Highest vacuum in air pump, 252, 305
Hints on cross-breeding plants, 378; to
Correspondents, 617; to millers, 378
History of the pianoforte, 446, 469
Hodgson's wire tramway, 228
Holder for tool, 209

Holding papers, clip for, 284
Hominy, 87

Hopkinson's valve, 12

Horizontal windmills, 14, 450, 495
Horns, fog, 160, 496

Horse-power. 543, 591

How to keep the clock right, 62, 256; how
LL.D.'s and Ph.D's are made, 515, 567;
how to make a camera, 396; how to
make sun-dials, 14, 62; how to skele-
tonise leaves, 566; how to trisect an
angle, 376

Human body, the, 449

Hydrofluosilicic acid, 10; hydro-pneu-

matie gun-carriage, 564
Hygiene of ventilation, 210
Hypochloric acid, 160

ICE, artificial, 11, 62

Ignition by electricity, 521
Illuminated portion of the moon, 11, 63
Implements, agricultural, 64, 156
Improved: air pump, 445; fires, Kapper's
17; friction clutch, 569; tricycle, 308,
420, 468

Improvement societies, ENGLISH ME-
CHANIC mutual, 89, 130, 159, 187
Improvements in: cooking, 60; gun-
powder, 204; motive power, Cunning-
ham's, 256, 351; old cottage and cabinet
pianofortes, 41; sewing machines, 588;
steam pumps and fire engines, 84;
turret clocks, 83

Inclined surfaces, tool for, 401
Increase of insanity, 111
Incrustation of boilers, 62

Index for dividing plate, 114
India-rubber, vulcanising, 546
Indian architecture, ancient, 160
Indigo, 375

Induction coll, 207, 225, 279, 284, 375, 567,

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

Least squares, on the method of, 38
Leaves, skeletonising, 566

Leigh's plan for crossing the Straits of
Dover, 323

Lenses: concave, 307; opera-glass, 135.
Level surfaces, tool for, 401
Lever of safety-valve, 448

Libel on British workmen, a, 161
Lifeboats; ENGLISH MECHANIC, 251
"otter" for, 233; steam, 232, 279, 304
Light, 35; light, electric, 492; light of the
heavenly bodies, 282; light, nature of,
543, 564; light, Tyndall's experiments

[blocks in formation]

MACHINES for: cutting irregular
forms, 208; electrical purposes, 14; fret-
sawing, 612; hand-planing, 446: magneto-
electric, 131 planing, 493; printing, 445;
punching, shearing, and stretching, 132;
reaping and mowing, 156; sewing, 90,
113, 157, 211, 231, 232, 280, 308, 374, 375,
588; stoning cherries, 252
"Macclesfield" velocipede, the, 15, 89
Magnetism, 590

Magneto-electric machines, Slater's, 131
Mahoe-wood, blue, 111, 159, 160

Making: bread, 15, 63; camera, 396; cod-
liver oil, 495; gas, 474; sundials, 14. 62
Malaria, investigation of, 497

Mammoth, 496, 522

Man, pre-Adamite, 422
Manganose battery, 38

Manganic sesqui-hydrate, 377
Mauichord, the, 399

Manufacture of shoddy, 11, 59
Maranta arrow-root, 612
Materials for paper, 112
Mathematics, 256

Matrimony and big heads, 90
Mayo and Sligo, 348

McCarthy and Cunningham's motivo
power, 256, 351

Mean distance of the sun, 38, 86, 228
Measure and funnel, combined, 136
Mechanical, 586; mechanical fingers, 305
Medallion turning, 617

Medical: coils, 593; galvanism, 281, 326;

opinion on bicycle-riding, 374, 398
Melting glue, 587

[blocks in formation]

Millstones: balancing, 426; dressing, 227
Miltonian" bicycle, the, 352
Mine, rock-salt, 355

Miner's appeal, a, 307, 326, 350, 595
Mitrailleuse, the French, 515
Moa or dinornis, the, 212, 226
Model engine, pump for, 157
Moistening labels, 136
Momentum and attraction, 444
Moncrieff's gun-carriage, 564
Monoxide, carbon, 256

Monster harmonium, 451

Moon: illuminated portions of, 11, 63;
motions of, 210, 257

Mordan's self-centering wire chuck, 544
Moss, Irish, 542

Motion: link, 301, 352, 355, 378, 425, 471,
519, 541, 589; lunar, 545; motions of the
earth, 89, 134, 159, 161, 163, 182, 20
212, 234, 257, 303; motions of the "
and earth, 210, 257

Motive power: electro magnetism as a,
570; improvements in, 256, 351; for
velocipede, 497

Mounting: insects for the microscope, 564;
planing machine, 493; telescopes, 158

Movements, wing, 282

Mowing machine, Allen's, 156 ¦

Mushroom culture, 400

Music, 308, 332, 349, 445, 494

Musical, 445, 494; musical instrument,

ancient, 16; musical instruments, 346;

musical notation, 58, 227, 496, 544

Mutual improvement societies, ENGLISH

MECHANIC, 89, 130, 159, 187

NAMES of constellations, 446

National Gallery, lighting, 347

Natural science in military education, 401
Nature of light, 543, 564

"Nautical Almanack," the, and "F.R.A.S."
14, 35, 58

Needham's starter for sewing machines, 232
New carriage brake, 64; lathe, 421;
paint, a, 61; planisphere, 210; process
of gas-making, 474; style of railway, 277
Ninety miles a day on a bicycle, 137
Nitrate of silver, 590

North of Ireland, 350; North Wales, 376
Northwich salt mine, 355

Notation, musical, 58, 227, 496, 545
Notes, astronomical, 450, 563

Numerals, Roman, 446

Nut, lock, 16

OATS, crushed, 64

Oxyhydrogen gas stove, 41

PAINT, 138; paint, a new, 61

Painting: cistern, 590; dissolving views,
472; fresco, 497

Paper, materials for, 112; papers, clip for,

284

Parabolising specula, 37, 135

Paradoxes in equations, 88

Parallax, sun's, 402, 425, 474
Parallelogram of forces, 375
Paris defences, the, 593

Patent: engine lubricator, 156; laws, the,
331; lubricator, Turner's, 185, 212; ro-
tary spader, Comstock's, 64; starter
for sewing machines, 202; wedge-driv-
ing drums, 113

Peculiarity in eyesight, 306, 332

Pedestrian tours, 423

Pendulums, 90

493

Planisphere, new, 210

Plant's lathe, 421

Postage stamps, poisonous, 15, 35
Potato dibble, 156; potato-growing, 353
Powdering phosphorus, 10
Power, accumulating, 353, 425; power
and aperture of telescopes, 14: power of
boiler, 590; power, horse, 543, 591; power,
motive, 256, 351; power, screw, 592, 611;
powers of blocks, 425; powers of sub-
stances to resist the electric spark, 135

Practical telegraphy, 401

Pre-Adamite man, 422

Preserving: fruit, 450; musical instru-

ments, 346

Press, bookbinders' cutting, 64
Pressure: barometric, 444; steam, 588;
unequal steam, 397, 422

Preventing rust, 279

Priming of boilers, 543

Printing machines, 445

Problem, arithmetical, 227; problems, 331

Process of gas-making, new, 474

Propellers: Fothergill's 12; screw, 612,

617; steam, 255

Propelling a vessel by a windmill, 587

Psychology, electrical, 113

Pulleys, Kelsey's, 113

Pumps: air, 252, 305, 325, 375, 396, 445, 494;

model engine, 157; Shand's steam, 85;

ships', 423

Punching and shearing machine, 132

Purification of: chloride of silver, 10;

feathers and hair, 395

Silver chloride of, 10; nitrate of, 590

Silvering clock-dials, 587; specula, 163,

211, 233

Simultaneous equations, 159, 226, 284, 806

Singing, 308

Skating, summer, 326

Skeletonising leaves, 566

Slab, Yorkshire, 185

Slater's iron-cell, 494: Slater's magneto-

electric machines, 131

Sleep, 115

Slide screw-cutting lathe, small, 252;

slide-valves, 254, 589

Sligo and Galway, 348

Slot-cutting, 112, 162. 184

Small drills, tempering, 353; small slide

screw-cutting lathe, 252

"Smith" turn-buckle, the, 612

Snuff and tobacco, 591

Soda crystals, 10

Soft-voiced organ-pipe, 160

Solar photography, 473: solar spectrum,

lines in, 183, 211, 230, 256, 257, 279, 282,

302, 329, 347, 378

Solutions: chemical, 256; standard, 474

Soper rifle, the, 138, 256

South Kensington: examination papers,

590; musical instruments at, 346

Space for strings in the piano, 352

Spader, Comstock's rotary, 64

Spark, resistance to electric, 135

Specimens of turned work, 372

Spectroscopical, 323

Spectrum: analysis, 306, 611; solar, 183, 211,

230, 256, 257, 279, 282, 302, 329, 347, 378

Specula parabolising, 37, 135; platinised,

111: silvering, 163, 211, 233

Speculum: grinding. 62, 284: performance

of, 307; testing, 328; working, 611

Spinning-cotton, 111, 133, 136, 162, 182,

204, 230, 254, 283, 302, 330, 350, 403

Spiral water-wheel, 157

Sportsman's velocipede, 349

Spots: on Plato, 518, 613; on the sun, 396

Spring velocipedes, 514

Square bar micrometer, 403; squares,

method of least, 38

Squaring the circle, 300, 326, 350, 351, 376,

424, 446, 612

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

UNEQUAL steam pressure, 397, 422

Unfair criticism, 374, 401, 426, 446

Universal clothes-washer, 228

Unknown coal-measure fossil, 612

Upright pianoforte, 398

Uranus, satellites of, 522, 540, 591, 610

Use of the telescope, 251; uses of the

lathe, 329

Useful tool for level surfaces, 401
Utilising power, 353, 425

VACUUM in air pump, 252, 305
Valves: Hopkinson's, 12; "lead" of
254; safety, 279, 325, 352, 448; slide, 589

Variations in barometric pressure, 444

Varnish. violin, 14, 39, 62, 227

Vegetable oils and fats, 331, 347, 379

Veloce, the Phantom," 567

Velocipede construction, 210, 374; veloci-
pede wheel, the "Phantom," 256; ve-
locipedes,131, 256, 326, 329; velocipedes:
"English," 65, 89, 230; four-wheeled,

330, 521; "Macclesfield," 15, 89; mo-

tive power for, 497; "Phoenix," 426;

"Shiptonian," 253; sportsman's, 349;

spring, 514

Ventilation: buildings, 306, 332; collieries,
11: hygiene of, 210

Vessel propelled by a windmill, 582;

vessels : building and steering, 36

Violin bellies, 111; violin varnish, 14, 39,

62, 227

WAGES, 329

Wales, North, 376

Walking, 494, 614

Wall decoration, 473, 497
Ward's flute, 468

Water analyses, 187, 234, 253, 282, 353,
377; barometer, 396; convexity of, 252;
feed, 301, 329, 610; gauge and gauge-
cock, 60; water-heater, Barton's, 369:
water and steam, 181; water-wheel, 228

Wedge-driving drums, Kelsey's, 113

Weights of chemical solutions, 474

West of Ireland, 257

What is a manichord, 399; what we owe

to the alchemists, 616

Wheel-cutting engine, 12; wheel-stones,

282; wheels: carriage, 495; fairy, 233,

258; fly, 301; friction, 446; Phan-

tom," 87, 115, 137, 163, 256, 303, 328,

495, 567, 616; Shewan's water, 157;

spiral water, 157; suspension, 616;

water, 228

Windmills, 14, 40, 450, 495; windmill for
propelling vessels, 587
Window cleaning, 587

Wing movements, 282

Wire-chuck, self-centering, 544; wire for
electro-magnetic apparatus, 185; wire
tramway at Brighton, 228

Wood for fishing rods, blue mahoe, 111,
159, 160, 162

Wooden organ pipes, 110, 139
Work, turned, 372

Working granite in ancient times, 16;
working men and the patent laws, 331;
working speculum, 611

Workman's appeal, a, 331, 349; workmen's
exhibitions: Belfast, 257; Interna-
tional, 130, 162
Workshop accidents, 473
Wray's object-glasses, 40, 252
Writing, hand, 469, 515, 645

YEAST, 15

Yorkshire slab, 185
Young, science for the, 257, 283

ZINC plant, 38

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