but take in good part your offer to repair to Turin, and undertake the explanation there, as of our principles and policy, so of our intentions, and of the sentiments that cordially unite us with Piedmont.

"That the Roman Government has manifested its preference for conciliatory courses towards the Holy Father, is made clear both by facts and by the repeated instructions transmitted to our representatives at Turin, and made known to the Sardinian Cabinet. That this Government is steady in the desire to see constitutional liberty, together with the cause of Italian Nationality and Independence, guaranteed and secured, and to repel extravagant tendencies in whatever quarter, is a matter so certain, that you need not hesitate to assume it with a quiet conscience.

"The Italian Constituent, proclaimed from Rome by an instrument of the 16th current, has for its essential basis, as I have already had the honour to assure the Sardinian Government through our agents at Turin, the principle of a National Federation, intended to guard the freedom and independence of Italy. It does not trespass on the autonomy of the separate States, and accordingly does not in substance interfere with the negotiations pending between the two Governments of Rome and Turin.

"This being granted, you perceive, Sir, that the Sardinian Government may frankly and confidently close with our principles and policy. The two Governments will then cooperate for the triumph of one and the same cause of constitutional freedom and National Independence. Rome is very well aware that the power of Piedmont can preserve her from all foreign intervention, and from the ceaseless attacks of a reactionary party: but Piedmont has need, equally with the Roman Government, to explain herself clearly and frankly, in order that her alliance with Rome may be a pledge of safety to all, and may not through equivocal hesitation afford a pretext to any one for disseminating calumny or suspicion. Thus these same reactionary influences will prove null and ineffectual: thus will the Holy Father com

prehend, that one course only, that of honourable and Christian concession, can insure to him the temporal sovereignty. We wish for the Pope; but wish for him such as the true spirit of Religion, and of freedom, the exigencies of the times and of civilisation, the moral and essential wants of the nation require him to be: and we desire the entire severance of the two powers, that the exercise of the one may not, as heretofore, offer hindrances to the exercise of the other.

"We wish for an unambiguous Constitutional Statute: lastly, in the Italian Constituent we seek for a true and practical Federation, such as may free our common country from the stranger.

"You have, then, Mr. Deputy, the programme of the Government of Rome. Please to make it the subject of particular and confidential inquiries from your Government, and promptly to communicate the result.

"Apprising you of the full concurrence of all my colleagues in this exposition, I have now only to convey to you the assurance of my distinguished consideration.

"Rome, January 30. 1849."

"MUZZARELLI.

Gioberti was so ill pleased with the turn that the affairs of Rome and of Tuscany had taken, that upon receiving news of the slender results achieved by Berghini in Rome, he wrote thus to him:

"I thank you for the great pains you have bestowed upon our affairs. But in that quarter all is moonshine and flash in the pan. Keep the matter most close, there and elsewhere. Not a syllable of it to the Tuscan Ministers, who are come to be decoy-ducks for the Giovine Italia, and from whom nothing can be hoped. Leave Rome quickly, and make for Gaeta. If your relations with those in power at Rome be known there, say at once they were purely matter of business, and what business it was. If you see the Holy Father

and his Government, certify them that the Government of Piedmont is steadily resolved to uphold and defend, with all its might, the cause of order and of constitutional monarchy: that all which has been alleged against us is sheer calumny, as results will prove that the Pope and his legitimate constitutional rights can have no champion more firm, more earnest, more seemly, than that Government. Any foreign intervention whatever would mar the fair fame of the Holy See and of religion, and might entail the greatest evils upon Italy. The intervention of Piedmont, on the contrary, would bring none of these inconveniences and dangers. Tender, then, to the Holy Father her entire resources; and say, that if at the outset neither our King nor his Government made this offer, it was because while Mamiani continued in power we deemed an amicable arrangement practicable, and armed collision. needless."

Let this suffice for the present in regard to the purposes and efforts of the Piedmontese Government, touching the Pontiff and the events of Rome. Hereafter I shall resume the subject, and give the narrative of the mission of Count Martini, and of every other proceeding worthy of special record. It will now be fitting to place in juxtaposition with the steps of the Ministry of Piedmont, those taken by that of Tuscany; and to advert to the exertions of the Envoys of Venice and of Sicily.

CHAP. VIII.

LA CECILIA AT LEGHORN. — APPOINTED CONSUL AT CIVITAVECCHIA, WITH A SECRET MISSION FOR ROME.-TEXT OF A DISPATCH FROM MONTANELLI TO BARGAGLI. AND OF A

SECOND.TESTIMONY

OF MONSIGNOR BONINSEGNI TO THE VIEWS OF LA CECILIA.—TEXT OF A REPORT FROM LA CECILIA TO MONTANELLI ON THE AFFAIRS OF ROME. CASTELLANI, THE VENETIAN ENVOY.HIS LANGUAGE AND PROCEEDINGS. -HIS CONVERSATION WITH BORGATTI.— HIS LETTER TO THE VENETIAN GOVERNMENT. HIS REPRESENTATIONS

TO THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT AT ROME.-HIS OPINION OF ROSSI. MAMIANI'S PROMISE OF AID TO VENICE NOT FULFILLED BY THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.-CASTELLANI'S LANGUAGE ON THIS SUBJECT. — MUZZARELLI'S REPLY.-VOLUNTARY SUBSCRIPTION FOR VENICE.—PADRE VENTURA, HIS DEMEANOUR AND PROCEEDINGS. -OBSERVATIONS: CORRUPT COWARDICE OF SOME.— CONSTITUTIONALISTS MISTRUSTED AND BLAMED.-OBSERVATION HEREON. EFFECT OF THE PAPAL MONITORY. THE MUNICIPAL MAGISTRATES RESIGN.-GENERAL ZAMBONI ARRESTED: DISORDER. -ZUCCHI AND THE CONSTITUTIONALISTS AT BOLOGNA.-PROPOSAL OF COUNT RANUZZI. — PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOLOGNESE. —SPADA, PRESIDENT OF BOLOGNA.—BERTI FICHAT, HIS SUCCESSOR. -FRESH SOURCE OF CALAMITY THERE: SENTENCES OF THE CONVICTS ON THE PUBLIC WORKS CURTAILED. -ORDERS SENT FROM GAETA TO THE SWISS. GENERAL LATOUR RESOLVES TO OBEY MONSIGNOR BEDINI. -EXCITEMENT IN BOLOGNA, AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE PRESIDENT. IMPEDIMENTS TO THE EXECUTION OF THE ORDERS.

ISSUE OF THE AFFAIR.

AMONG those whom Leghorn in her madness had suffered her populace to deify, was a Neapolitan exile, named La Cecilia, who had passed many years in Corsica, and got a bad name there. Crafty, aspiring, and rapacious, he had, from of old, experience of the

sects, with a versatile disposition, fluent elocution, and enough of talent and culture to enable him to cut a figure amidst an insurrectionary multitude, from whom he hoped for the means of satiating his appetites. The Tuscan Ministry, which, by reason of its origin, and of the ends it was pursuing, was obliged to keep terms with the rioters of Leghorn, yet could not stomach La Cecilia, such were the evil rumours in circulation about him. It has been stated in writing that Montanelli replied to Pigli, who was recommending him, that public rank and office could not be conferred on him, until he had cleared himself of the charge of having forged a letter: adding, that after the events at Rome he had thought of using influence there, but could not employ La Cecilia, on account of that ugly imputation. Yet not long after, he made the man Consul at Civita Vecchia, entrusting him with a secret mission to Rome, to further the project of the Italian Constituent. About this he wrote, on the 25th of November, to the Minister Bargagli, recommending La Cecilia as a man of talent, and devoted to the Italian cause, who had much following in Rome, especially among the democratic party. Again on the 28th of that month, he wrote in these terms concerning him : —

"My dear Minister,

"The bearer of this letter is Colonel La Cecilia, a person full of energy, and qualified to give you every assistance. This new turn in Roman politics may be our salvation, unless there be a miscarriage at the outset. We must have Rome for the centre of the national movement, and the operations