The Building and Ornamental Stones of WisconsinGeology [and] Natural History Survey, 1898 - 544 Seiten |
Andere Ausgaben - Alle anzeigen
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
Ablemans abundant alternate freezing Amberg Average number Bass Island beds Berlin biotite blocks bluffs Bros brown Brownst brownstone buff building stone calcite cement Chapter VIII clay pockets color construction courses crushing strength cubes curbing cutting and dressing derricks dimension stone Duluth Dunnville durability Facilities at hand feet feldspar Flag River formation freezing and thawing grains gray hand for quarrying igneous rocks inch iron oxide irregular laboratory Lake Superior Lannon lime limestone located loss in weight macadam mainly Microscopical miles Milwaukee minerals modulus Montello granite monumental number of employees obtained occurs opening operated paid different classes paving pier Pike River places Plate polished pore space porosity quartz ratio of absorption Rept rhyolite rough rubble sandstone specific gravity Stone Co.'s quarry Stone Quarry Sturgeon Bay surface Table temperature tests texture thickness Trenton Wages paid different walls Waukesha Wauwatosa weathering Wisconsin WISCONSIN GEOL
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 434 - It follows: 1, talc; 2, gypsum; 3, calcite; 4, fluorite; 5, apatite; 6, orthoclase; 7, quartz; 8, topaz; 9, corundum; 10, diamond.
Seite 441 - Magnetite is commonly known as magnetic iron ore. It is composed of iron and oxygen and has the formula : Fe3O4. The• hardness is 5.5 to 6.5. Magnetite is one of the commonest constituents of the igneous and metamorphic rocks, and is most often present in small grains or crystals scarcely visible to the naked eye.
Seite 23 - TS Hunt, in Chemical and Geological Essays, says: "Other things being equal, it may properly be said that the value of a stone for building purposes is inversely as its porosity or absorbing power.
Seite 440 - The olivinc group is now more correctly known as the chrysolite group. The different species differ somewhat in composition, being composed of varying proportions of magnesium, calcium, iron, and manganese, in combination with silicon and oxygen. The hardness ranges from 6 to 7. The predominant color is what is commonly known as olive green. The luster is vitreous. Olivine is a constituent, mainly, of the more basic igneous rocks, such as diabase and gabbro. It alters very extensively to chlorite,...
Seite 446 - When it becomes very pronounced and wavy the granite is known as a gneiss, and should be classified under the metamorphic series. Granite is fresh or altered, depending upon the state of preservation of the mineral constituents. The more common alterations to which the various rock forming minerals are subject have been mentioned above. One can readily see that the alteration and decomposition of the individual minerals would, in time, result in a breaking down or crumbling of the rock itself. The...
Seite 177 - Table V., is 2.637. The porosity, or percentage of actual pore space, recorded in the same table, is higher than most of the other rocks from Wisconsin quarries, and is apparently higher than sandstone from other states. But it must be remembered that in no other state report on building stones has an attempt been made to compute the actual percentage of pore space. That which is given in other reports is the percentage of the weight of water absorbed to the weight of the dry rock. This has also...
Seite 70 - ... gravity, were used. The difference in these weights was multiplied by the specific gravity of the rock. This amount was added to the dry weight, giving the sum. The difference of the dry and saturated weights multiplied by the Sp. Gr. of the rock, was then divided by the sum. This last result is the actual percentage of pore space compared with the volume of the sample tested.
Seite 70 - The ratio of absorption cumputed by the ordinary method is given in another column of the same table for comparison. It is thought that the results here obtained are more nearly correct than those ordinarily given. Weight of the Stone — Ordinarily the weight of stone, as it is taken from the quarry, depends upon its specific gravity,. the amount of pore space, and the water content. The onlyfluctuating quantity for any particular stone is the water content.
Seite 434 - The streak is the color of the mineral when powdered, and in the case of the softer minerals is obtained by scratching a piece of porcelain with the mineral which is to be identified. As a means of determining the minerals of building stones, this quality is not important except perhaps in two or three cases. A mineral cannot always be determined by a single one of these properties, and for this reason they should be used in conjunction with one another. The important minerals and groups of minerals...
Seite 35 - ACIDS. The influence of organic acids, resulting from decaying organisms, on the life and strength of a rock, especially in the walls of buildings, is so slight as to be scarcely appreciable. III. INHERENT QUALITIES OF STONE. Just as there are very many forces constantly operating to destroy a rock, likewise there are very many characteristics or qualities of a rock which give it the capacity to withstand, for a longer or shorter period, these forces. This capacity which a stone possesses to withstand...