Toronto, but I find nothing in early French writers to support the assertion. The Sacs certainly were never much to the eastward of Lake St. Clair. WINNEBAGOES.-Ouinibegouc; Ouinipegouec, (Rel. 1659 -60;) Ouenibegoutz, (Rel. 1669-70.) They are a Dakota tribe, and this name is that given by the Algonquins, and means "Fetid." The French translated it by the word "Puants," giving it as a name to the tribe and to Green Bay, (SAGARD.) The early missionaries, (Rel. 1639-40, Rel. 1647-48, p. 64; Rel. 1653-54, p. 43; Rel. 1655-56, Rel. 1659-60; BRESSANI p. 64, and MARQUETTE,) all state that they were so called by the Algonquins as coming from the Ocean or Salt-water, which the Indians style "Fetid water." NICOLET called them more properly "Gens de mer," and "Gens des Eaux de mer."* The Hurons called the tribe Aweatsi waenr-rhonons, (Rel. 1636); and the Sioux, Otonkah (SCHOOLCRAFT); but they call themselves Otchagras, (CHARLEVOIX), Hochungara or Ochungarand—that is, the Trout nation, (SCHOOLCRAFT, iii. 277; iv. 227); or Horoji, (Fish-eaters). The Algonquin tradition makes them, as we have seen, emigrants from the Pacific shore, and their approach to the Lakes seems to have been resolutely opposed, especially by the Illinois, the dominant Algonquin Confederacy in the West. According to Father CLAUDE ALLOUEZ, (Rel. 1669-70), the war lasted till about 1639, or thereabouts, when the Winnebagoes were all killed or taken, except one man, who though badly wounded, escaped. CHARLEVOIX, (v. 431), says, that they were driven from the shores of Green Bay to Fox river, and a party of 600 setting out on the lake to attack the Illinois, perished in a storm. The victors took compassion, according to the account of ALLOUEZ, and creating the survivor chief of the nation, gave up to him all the captive Winnebagoes. If this strange event took place at all, we must ascribe it to an * Lake St. Clair is on some old maps, called Lacus Aquarum Marinarum, apparently confounding it with Green Bay. J. G.S. earlier date than 1639, for NICOLET visited the Winnebagoes in that year, and found them prosperous, and we can hardly suppose a tribe almost annihilated, and then restored to its former numbers in 30 years. They were the original occupants of Wisconsin, and were often troublesome and hostile. They were allies of PONTIAC in 1763, were defeated by WAYNE in 1794, adhered to England in 1812. (O'CALLAGAN, Colonial Documents iii, 283). In 1710, they numbered 80 to 100 men; and in 1848, they numbered 2531 souls.* *For additional notices of the Winnebagoes, see SHEA's Discovery of the Mississippi, p. xxi, and note 10, 11. L.C.D. THE CASS MANUSCRIPTS. The following documents were obtained from the French archives, by Hon. LEWIS CASS, when minister to that country. They were loaned to Col. WHITTLESEY, for his perusal and translation, and he has kindly translated them, in part, for our Society. The first number of the series has been furnished in manuscript, the second to the fifth inclusive, originally appeared in the Green Bay Advocate, in the Spring of 1855, the sixth in the Ontonagon Miner, and the others in the Detroit Advertiser, in Dec. 1856, and Jan. 1857. The second paper of the series appeared in the first volume of our Society's Collections; but since obtaining the others of the series, it is thought best to republish it in its proper connection. L. C. D. THE CASS MANUSCRIPTS. TRANSLATED BY COL. CHARLES WHITTLESEY. No. 1. Abstract of the Life and Customs of the Savages of Canada-1723. (Authors name not given.) When a woman is about to be delivered, she retires into the woods, makes a bark lodge, and a new fire to warm herself; she delivers herself without assistance or cries of pain. Immediately she goes to wash the infant in a stream, however cold it may be, unless it be actual winter; after which she continues her ordinary labors. If she is traveling, she embarks at once in her canoe. For thirty days she keeps a separate fire, if the child is a male; and for forty days, if it is a girl. During this time, she eats alone of victuals that are brought to her-no man eats with her during this time, or goes to her fire; saying if they should do so, they would have a flux. They cannot imagine why the French do not observe the same customs. They do not see their women when they are sick, neither do they live with them when they are pregnant, which is the reason they give for having many wives. They have a superstition requiring women to have a separate fire during their monthly turns, which no one approaches. Their girls are free to follow their inclinations towards young men, without losing their reputation, or impairing their chance of marriage. But, if a woman's husband |