fo that having formed a demi-round, he changes the hand to make another, which is again followed by another change of hand, and another demi-round that croffes the first, and may be compared to a figure of 8. VOL'UBLENESS (volubilitas, L.) an aptnefs to roll. VOLUME (volumen, of volvere, L. to roll, because the ancients ufed to write on rolls) a book of a reasonable fize fit to be bound up by itself; alfo a part of a large book, F. VOLUMNUS (among the Romans) two deities, who, as they imagined, governed the wills and paffions of men and women, and inclined them to virtue. They were adored, the one by the men, and the other by the women, as favourable to matrimony, in maintaining a good correfpondence between the husband and wife. VOLUNTEER'S, gentlemen who, without having any certain poft or employ in the army, go upon warlike expeditions, and run into dangers only to gain honour and preferment. VOLUPIA (with the Romans) the goddess of Pleafure, to whom they built a temple, and reprefented her like a young woman prettily dreft, and treading upon virtue. VOLUPTABLE (voluptabilis, L.) delightful, pleasurable. VOLUPTUOUS (voluptuofus, L. voluptueux, F.) given to excefs of pleafure, luxurious. Thou wilt bring me foon To that new world of light and bleís, among The gods, who live at eafe, where I fhall reign At thy right-hand, voluptuous, without end. whereon the vows of the people for the em perors or empreffes are expreffed. VOUCHER, a perfon vouched at law, or a perfon who is to warrant or vouch for a nother, who in respect hereof is called a Voucher. VOUCHER' (in Law) the tenant who calls another perfon into court, bound to warranty him, and either to defend the right against the demandant, or to yield him other lands, &c. to the value. Foreign VOUCHER (in Law) is when the tenant being impleaded in a particular jurisdiction, as at London or elsewhere, vouches one to warranty, and prays he may be fummoned in fome other county, out of the jurisdiction of that court. VOUCHER, a ledger-book, or book of accompts, wherein are entred the warrants for the accomptants discharge. VOUCHSAFING (of voucbant, of voucher, and fauf, F.) condefcending graciously, granting. VOUSSOIR'S (in Architect.) the ftones, than form the arch, F. VOY'AGING (voyageant, F.) travelling or going by fea. UPBRAIDING (of up-gerædan, Sax.) twitting, reproaching. UPHOLDERS were incorporated a master, 3 wardens, 31 affiftants, 121 on the livery; for which the fine is 4 1. 10 s. and the ftewards 11. Their arms are on a chevron, between 3 tents, as many roles. Their hall is in Leaden-ballStreet. UPLANDIISH (of up and lano, Sax.) belonging to the uplands or high-grounds. UP'PISHNESS, elevatedness of mind. UPRIGHT (with Heralds) is a term used of shell-fishes, when they stand fo in a coat of arms; for, because they want fins, they cannot pro perly be faid to be hauriant, because that term properly belongs to fealy fifhes. See the Efcutcheon. UP-SIDE (of up and rise, Sax.) the higher-fide. UPSTAID' (of up and etaye, F.) fupported or borne up. Milton. UPTURN'S (of up and tyɲnan, Sax.) turns up. Milton. UPWHIRL'D' (of up and hpyɲpan, Sax.) whirled upwards. URA'NIA (of gav, Gr. Heaven) the daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne (according to the poets) to whom is attributed the invention of aftronomy. URA'NIA (in Painting, &c.) is reprefented as a beautiful lady in an azure robe, URIM and THUMMIM, Spencer is of opinion that these were two little golden figures, which gave refponfes, which were hut up in the pectoral, as in a purfe, and which answered with an articulate voice, to all fuch questions as were put to them by the high priest. He fupports his opinion by the authority of St. Jerome and of Cedrenus, among the ancients, and of fome Rabbins; of Cornelius a Lapide, and of Louis de Dieu among the Moderns. Plato feems to have had the fame thought: He fays there were upon the breaftplate two figures in embroidery of great virtue; one of which reprefented Truth, and the other Manifeftation. Mr. Le Clerc will have it, that Urim and Thummim were the names of fome precious ftones, that compofed a great collar, which hung down upon the breaft of the high priest, which might be imitated from the Egyptians, among whom the chief officer of juftice wore about his neck a figure of Truth, engraven upon precious ftones, and hanging on a golden chain. Peter Vallenfis, in a letter written from Cairo, fays, that he faw in Egypt a very ancient mummy, with a great collar hanging upon his breaft, at the end of which was a tablet of gold, whereon might be perceived the image of a bird engraven. It is not eafy to fay, whether the Hebreeus had imitated this from the Egyptians, or whether the Egyptians had taken their model from the Hebreus ; but it may be conjectured, that the Urim and Thummim of the Hebrews might have fome relation to the image of Truth of the Egyptians. However, it is not probable, that Mofes reprefented either in relief or embroidery, or engraving, any figure of a man or other ani mal: But no ill confequence can follow from fuppofing that he might reprefent there fome mysterious figure or hieroglyphick, fuch as the Cherubims were. URINA (with the Romans) a veffel ufed to draw out of it the names of those who were first to engage at the publick plays; alfo into which they threw notes, by which they gave their votes in publick aflemblies and courts of justice, Sepulchral URNS (among the Romani, &c.) veffels of earth commonly in the form of an oil jarr, in which were put the afhes of the dead after the bodies had been burnt, these were fometimes depofited under tomb ftones, or within vaults or graves; and fometimes they were kept in houfes by relations of the deceased; tho' these urns were generally made of earth, yet fome great perfons have had them made of gold, filver, marble, &c. UR'SA major. Hefiod tells us, fhe was the daughter of Lycaon, and dwelt in Arcadia, and was fo devoted to the ftudy of hunting, as to be one of the companions of Diana, in ranging the mountains. And that after the had been debauched by Jupiter, the concealed it from the goddefs; but her belly growing big, fhe being near her time, Diana difcovered it, as she was bathing herself, and being angry at her, transformed her into a bear, and the brought forth Arcas. And that the, wandring on the mountains, was found by fome thepherds, and brought to her father Lycaen, together with her infant, for a prefent. Some time after the entered the temple of Jupiter, which was unlawful for her to do; and when her fon Arcas and the Arcadians tollowed her to kill her, for violating the law, Jupiter, mindful of the converfation he had had with her, fnatched her away and placed her among the ftars, and called her Urfa, on account of what had happened. URSA major (in Afiron.) the great Bear, a conftellation in the northern hemisphere, containing, fome fay, 35, others 36, but according to the Britannick catalogue 215 ftars. USE and Custom (in anc. Law) is the ordinary method of acting or proceeding in any cafe, which by length of time has obtained the force of a law. UISES and Customs (in Maritime Affairs) are certain maxims, rules, or usages, which make the bafe or ground work of maritime jurifprudence, by which the policy of naviga tion and commerce of the fea are regulated. USH'ERSHIP (of buiffier, F.) the office of an ufher. } USUFRUCTUS (in the Civil Law) US'UFRUIT is the enjoyment or poffeffion of any effect, or the right of receiving the fruits and profits of an inheritance or other thing, without the faculty of alienating or damaging the property thereof, L. USURIOUSNESS (of ufurarius, L. and nefs) an ufurious or extortioning quality or difpofition. USURIOUS Contract (in Law) a bargain or contract, whereby a man is obliged to pay more intereft for money than the statute allows. USURPER (furpator, L. ufurpeur, F.) one who wrongfully feizes that which is the right of another. UT MOST (uzzeɲmerz, Sax.) the greater greatest power of ability; alfo the fartheft diftance, &c. UT'TERABLE (of uzzer, Sax. and able) capable of being uttered, Clement VIII. took much care to have published correct in the year 1590. Never theless upon examination many imperfection were difcovered; upon which another edition was published in 1592, which is looked upon to be the model of all the editions that have been published fince; and this edition is held as authentick by the church of Rome; but notwithstanding this, it is not denied by the moft learned and skilful Roman Catholick divines, that there are many faults yet remaining in it; but they fay, that the correctors had good reafon not to amend them at that time. VULNERABLENESS (of vulnerare, L. able and nefs capableness of being wounded. VULNING (in Heraldry) wounding, 2 term used of a pelican. VULTURE (Hieroglyphically) was by the Egyptians used to reprefent nature; they having this notion, that this bird does not conceive according to the ufual manner, by copulating with a male, being all females; and that they brought forth eggs by receiving into their bodies the northen or weftern wind, which caufed them to conceive. The Vulture was alfo an emblem of mercy; for the naturalifts fay, that the never seeks any prey, nor flies from her neft, until the young ones come to a confiderable bignefs, and in the mean time nourishes them with her blood, which they fuck out of her thighs and breast. VULCAN (fo called of volando, flying, and candens, growing hot, or of majore vi ignis, and fulgere, q. Fulganus, Varro) according to the poets, was the god of fire, and the fon of Jupiter, by his wife Juno; but being very deformed, when Jupiter faw how ill-fhapen and ugly he was, he kicked him down from Heaven, and, by falling upon the earth, the poor babe broke one of his legs, whereof he halted ever after. But Thetis and the nymphs took pity of him, and nurfed him up: And when he came to be of years he followed the trade of a blacksmith, and wrought for the reft of the gods, especially for Jupiter, for whom he made thunderbolts; for that purpose he had feveral forges or fhops in the ifles of Lemnos, Lipara, and in mount Etna. He had affiftants or journeymen, that were called Cyclops, because they had but one great eye in the middle of their forehead; the most noted of which were Brontes, Steropes, Pyracmon. Vulcan had two wives, Aglaia and Venus; but Venus had no kindness for him, by reafon of his deformity; and therefore fought fatisfaction fomewhere else, and readily accepted of the embraces of Mars: But Apollo gave notice of their meeting to Vulcan, who found a way to furprize Mars in the embraces of his wife, and fpreading his net all over the place, caught them together; and to put them to the greater fhame, he fent for all the gods to be witneffes of their difhonesty and his difhonour. To Vulcan is afcribed the making the chariot of the fun, and the armour of the gods and the heroes. His feafts were named Protervia, in which the Romans ran about with lighted torches in honour of him. At the foot of mount Etna there was a temple erected, and a grove planted in houour of him, which was kept by a dog, who (it is faid) would tear the vicious in pieces (if they offered to approach) but would fawn upon fuch as were virtuous and good. By Vulcan is underflood to be meant natural heat; and therefore the Egyptians, in their Hieroglyphicks, reprefented Vulcan by an egg, letter of the alphabet: it is a letter not ufed proceeding out of the mouth of Jupiter. by the antients, either Afiaticks, Grecians, There were feveral Vulcans; the first was or Romans; but it was by the northern nathe fon of Coelus, the fecond of Nilus, named tions, the Teutones, Germans, Saxons, &c. Otas; the third of Jupiter and Juno, and and at this day is not used by the French, the fourth the fon of Manalius, who dwelt Spaniards, Portuguese, or Italians. It is near Sicily, in the islands called Vulcanic compounded of two V confonants. It lofes its Infula. The ancients painted him in a found after o, as cozu, bow, &c. and before fcarlet robe, having an anvil ftanding byr, as wrath, wretch, write, wrong, wrung, &c. him. VUL'GATE, a name given to a Latin translation of the bible, which is faid to have been made from the Hebrew about A. C. 400, which was approved and authorized by the council of Trent, as the only true verfion, and the Popes, Sextus V. and VUL/VA (with Phyficians) the Uterus, the womb or matrix; alfo the paffage or neck of the womb, &c. L. UXO'RIOUS (uxoriofus, L.) overfond of, or doting upon a wife. UXO'RIOUSNESS (of uxorius, L. and nefs) over fondness of a wife. UXO'RIUM (among the Romans) a mulēt or forfeit paid for not marrying; alfo money exacted by way of fine from those who had no wives. W Weng, WP, Saxon, is the 211t w, Roman; Ww, Italick, DW, To WAFT. 1. To carry through the air, or on the water. A braver choice of dauntless fpirits, Than now the English bottoms have waft o'er, Did never float upon the swelling tide. Shakespent. Nor To WAFT, to float. It wafted nearer yet, and then she knew, That what before she but furmised, was true. Dryden. WAGIGING (of pagian, Sax.) moving, tirring, fhaking. WAG'GONAGE, waggon-money, money paid for the hire of driving waggons. WAKE (Sea Term) the smooth water that runs from a fhip's ftern when she is under fail; a fhip is faid to ftay to the Weather of ber Wake, when in her staying the is fo quick, that he does not fall to the leeward upon a tack; but that when he is tack'd, her Wake (i. e. the smooth water aftern) to the leeward, which is a fign that the feels her helm very well, and is quick of steerage. WAKES (of wacian, Sax. to keep awake, because on the vigils of those feafts the people were wont to awake from fleep, at the feveral vigils of the night, and go to prayers. But Spelman rather derives them of Sac, drunkenness, because in celebrating them they generally ended in drunkennefs) they are vigils, or country feafts, ufually obferved on the fun. day next after the faint's day to whom the parish church was dedicated, in which they ufed to feaft and dance all night. They took their original from a letter that Gregory the Great fent to Melitus the abbot, who came into England with St. Auflin, in thefe words. "It may therefore be permitted them on "the dedicative days, or other folemn days of martyrs, to make them bowers about the churches, and refreshing themfelves, and feafting together after a good religious "fort; kill their oxen now to the praife of "God, and encrease of charity, which be"fore they were wont to facrifice to the devil, &c." But now the feafting part is all that is retained. A Cock's WALK, a place where fighting cocks are kept feparate from others. WALK (with Horfemen) is the flowest and feast raifed goings of a horfe; which the | duke of Newcastle defcribes by the two legs diametrically oppofite in the air, and twe upon the ground at the fame time, in the form of St. Andrew's crois; but other authors fay, it is a motion of two legs of a fide, one after the other, beginning with the hind-leg first. WALLOON Language, is fupposed to be that of the ancient Gauls. The language fpoken by the Walloons, the inhabitants of a confiderable part of the Spanish low countries, viz. thofe of Artois, Hainault, Namur, Luxemberg, and part of Flanders and Bre bant. WAN'NESS, pale-facedness. WANTING (of wanian, Sax.) deficient, need y, &c. WAN'TONNESS (incerta etymologiæ, but perhaps of wentelen, Dut. to turn round about, wanton folks being frisky, unless you had rather, with Minshew, derive it of want one, i. e. to want one to play withal) waggishness, frifkinefs, lafcivioufnefs. WA'PENTAKES (prob. of wapen, armour, and gezæcan, Sax. to give up or furrender, it being a custom for the inhabitants to prefent their weapons to their lord, in token of fubjection; or a cuftom, that when he that came to take the government of a hundred, was met by the better fort of people, they touched his weapon or lance with their fpears, by which ceremony they were united together, and entered into a mutual affociation) the fame as an hundred or divifion of a county. WAR no more (Sea Pbrafe) is a direction to him at the helm, to keep the fhip as near the wind as poffible. WAR. The French are faid to be like a flea, quickly fkipping into a country, and foon leaping out again. The Spaniard like a crab, creeping into a place flowly, and net to be expelled without great violence. The German like a loufe, flowly mastering, and as flowly driven out. Holy WAR, a war antiently maintained by leagues and croifades, for the recovery of the holy land. 2 is that between subjects of the fame realm, or } Civil WAR Inteftine WAR parties in the fame state. Place of WAR, is a place fortified on purpofe to cover and defend a country, and ftop the incurfion of an enemy's army: also a place wherein are the magazines of provifions or ftores of war, for an army encamped in the neighbourhood, or to repair to for winter quarters. Council of WAR, is an affembly of great officers called by a general or commander, to deliberate with him on enterprizes and attempts to be made. WARD-Hook (with Gunners) a rod or staff with an iron end, turned in a ferpentine man her, to draw the wads or oakum out of a WARD'ENSHIP, the office of a warden WARPED (3÷wer ped, of wecɲpan, Sax.) caft or bent, as boards not well dry'd; alfo drawn out, as a weaver's warp. WAR'PEN (of war and pennig, Sax.) a contribution in the Saxon times towards war, or for providing arms. WATER (with Jewellers) a certain lustre of pearls, diamonds, and other precious stones; thus called, becaufe they were fuppofed by the ancients to be formed or concreted of water. WATER-Betony, creffes, &c. herbs. WATER-Gage, a fea wall or bank to keep off the current or overflowing of the water. WATERMEN. This company is very ancient, though we find it not incorporated till the reign of Philip and Mary: to these the Lightermen have WARRANT (with Horfemen) a jockey for the former, and three for the latter, three WAR'RANTABLENESS (of guarant, Brit. or wenian, Sax. to defend, or of garantir, F. able and nefs) justifiableness, &c. WARRANTED (garanti, F.) fecured by covenant; promised to be fecured or main-two cufhions of the ift; the creft a hand tained, &c. proper, holding an oar, as the former; the fupporters two dolphins proper; the motto, At command of our Superiors. WATER of feparation (with Refiners) WATER of depart Aqua Fortis, fo denominated, because it separates gold from filver. WAR'RANTERS (gerandees, F.) thofe that promife or covenant to fecure a thing purchased to the purchaser. A WASH-BOWL (wæcer- bolla, Sax.) a vessel to wash in. WASH'ING (with Goldsmiths, &c.) are the lotions whereby they draw the particles of gold and filver out of the afhes, earth, fweepings, &c. WASHING (in Painting) is when a defign, drawn with a pencil or crayon, has fome one colour laid over it with a pencil, as Indian Ink, Bifre, or the like, to make it appear the more natural, by adding the shadows of prominences, apertures, &c. WASP/ISHNESS (wærp, Sax. vespa. L. a wafp) peevishness, fretfulness, angriness. WAS'SEL Bread, cakes and white bread that were fopp'd in the Waffel Bowl of wine that used to be fet by the abbots of St. Albans, to drink an health to his fraternity. WATCH and ward, the custom of keeping watch and ward in the night, in towns and cities, was first appointed in the reign of Henry III. in the 13th century. WATER (wezen, Sax.) one of the four elements, a congefted mass of particles which are very thin, fmooth, and very flexible, difpofed to bend and yield every way; also a certain luftre on filks, &c. imitating waves: alfo a certain luftre of diamonds, &c. WA'TERAGE, money paid for passage by water. WA'TERISH (wæzeɲlic, Sax.) like, or as having water. WA'TERISHNESS, waterish or watery quality, &c. WATERING (of Manufactures) is the giving filks, tabbies, mohairs, ftuffs, &c. a wavy luftre, by wetting them lightly and then paffing them thro' a prefs or calender, whether hot or cold. WATTLED (of wazelar, Sax.) made with wattles or hurdles. A WAVE (in Phyficks) a cavity in the furface of water or other fluid, with an elevation on the fide thereof. WA'VERING (wapian, Sax.) being in uncertainty or unrefolved, fluctuating in mind. WAVY (of wazian or wapian, Sax.) like waves of the fea. WAVY (in Heraldry) fignifies reprefenting the waves rolling, which the French call Ondee, and the Latins, undulatus, undofus, &c. See the ecutcheon. WAX (weax, Sax. vaex, Dan.) a soft, yellowish matter, wherewith the bees form WATER-Budget (in Heral- cells to receive their honey; dry) a fort of budget anciently the artificial wax is of feveBied by foldiers to fetch water ral forts, as Sealing-Wax, to the camp, they were different Shoemakers-Wax, &c. By chymical writers in form, one of which is, as is exprefs'd by this character. reprefented in the efcutcheon, annexed. 4 N WAX |