out-door life, supplied with proper bedding, underwear and a fur overcoat (pieced, sixteen dollars), passed a comfortable winter and became a "cure." The two following winters were spent at an Academy, where her dormitory room furnished proper ventilation and was used as a study; and two academic and a collegiate year have seen no return of the malady.

We may as well answer questions now: How sleep warm in the cold? Have sufficient bedding beneath; the body loses heat downward as well as upward. Warm the bed with two or three bricks wrapped in newspapers-save the bodily heat. But your own heatmaking power will be greatly increased by the open-air life and the cool dash in the morning. Cover the limbs, if you like, but (in the cold, apart from draft), dip the hands in the cold water basin and go over the face, head, neck, arms, chest, back-quickly. Mop just dry, and dress. You will mind it less in a cold room and the day will seem warmer. Of course, you do well to disregard the cold. Come in! The water's fine!

How can I stand a draft?

Just as you do when driving or walking in the wind. A small draft, through crack or slightly raised window, on an unaccustomed body especially, makes trouble. Living in the

breeze, sleeping where the air is in motion, with nightcap in winter, is the thing to which you will become accustomed. The writer kept out of drafts twenty years for fear of rheumatism; slept cold till he slept with open windows; shivered at writing unless the temperature was kept at 70 degrees or more; but now sleeps where the breeze blows and works in winter in an open study, not near the fire (the room at 50 to 60 degrees), wearing an ordinary overcoat, and in comfort, too. It is in part a good reaction; it is largely because he has become a heat producer.

Can one stand the dampness and the night air?

There is no day air after dark; and your clothing and feet are kept dry. The outdoor air is safe to the accustomed.

To add to the family case mentioned, my personal experience began in early spring, two years ago. After a busy winter, with public speaking in the dead air of a frigid auditorium, visiting the sick and others in close rooms, I found myself with a heavy bronchial catarrh (sub-normal temperature blinding me to the seriousness of the case), awaking nightly with scant breath and pain. I transferred my day's work to that piazza sanatorium, already described, now equipped

also with a door at the opening; reduced my public work and travel. Examination indicated tubercular infection, sputum examination proved it. Two months of reduced work and improved rest and diet found the disease extending. There was a prospect of a galloping case, but the wage-earner's responsibilities still held me. Finally I threw up the sponge, secured permission to pitch my tent on a pasture knoll and drove myself to pasture; there to spend a romantic summer in wooing my coquettish and flickle health; to observe the birds, the stars, the wild-flowers; to read, as previous opportunity was denied; to absorb the beauty and refreshment of the Psalms; and to fellowship with the divine Heart of Nature.

Nourishment: To rebuild and to provide resistance to disease. Rest: The impaired

lung must not be damaged or further infected by exercise, rapid circulation, hurried breathing. Open air: for oxygen, light, lack of surrounding contagion, freedom from the indoor moisture of human breaths and other sources in which germs multiply. Fruit, meat, vegetables, by choice. Sweets and picklesavoid; Take milk, if it digests. Eggs-raw, whole-minus the shells-as the best breakfast, the best lunch, the best midnight refreshment. Breakfast by the bedside: An orange, a cup of hot milk-and-water over the lamp; two or three raw eggs, biscuit. Late rising: The bed, if any rise of temperature. ("My thermometer is my boss," a convalescing friend once remarked.) Dinner and supper brought from home, usually by the family. Sun baths and air baths, naked and reclining, in the shelter of the pines-carried a little too

far-sunburn! A 16th mile path measured on the crest for gradually increasing evening walks; a mile and a half after two months. An open tent-the wind blowing through freely. Gradual extension of the walks till in early autumn I had explored most of the territory lying within a mile-found the delightful nooks in the woods; learned most of the birds; named various parts of my "Halcyon Park" and made and posted signs from "Ruhen Sie Hier" to "Cool Harbor." Such was life about the "Aircastle."

My public work began again in October and increased through the winter. Having served my sentence, both as an offender and as an arrested case, I have my liberty as a

cure.

I am closing this article two years from the date on which I took to the tent-two years spent in open air. With my study fire to temper the atmosphere and proper clothing to preserve the heat of the body, I work with open windows in winter. I have just pitched my tent again, the 19th of May; and the charms of bird-song and the surrounding scenes are far more delightful than before I discovered them in Nature's sanatorium. In the two years of labor, public speaking, travel and ministry to the sick, moderation and rest have been necessary. But the establishment of the cure, with no "colds" or epidemic diseases in the two years, and the comfort and delight of life in the open air testify to the value of the method-life in the climate, health where you are.

Many times there is nothing so troublesome, nerve-wracking and harmful to the lungs as cough. The doctor tries to locate the source of cough from the great variety of causative factors which may cause it. But troublesome cough very often exists for some time after the exciting cause for the cough is found and remedied. It is for these patients and all others who are forced to yield to the desire of coughing, after we have done all which lies within our power to prevent it, that we think a word of advice relating to the method of coughing will be useful.

First let me explain to you in a few words the general construction and action of the lungs and air passages in so far as it may help to explain how correct coughing helps to shorten the time needed for your recovery. You will remember from your common school physiology how the respiratory apparatus was described as analogous to a tree and to bunches of grapes.

In the latter comparison we were asked to imagine a bunch of grapes with the contents of each grape taken out, leaving only the skins to represent the air cells. Suppose, too, the stems to be hollow and they will represent the air tubes. Now put several such bunches together so that the main stems all join in one large stem and you will have something which represents the air cells and air tubes of a lung. To make the comparison complete suppose all the grapes to be joined by fine threads like a spider's web. This may represent the fibrous tissue which is quite elastic. Suppose a blue tube to run along the main stem and to divide every time the stem does until its small branches finally reach each grape and form a network on it. From that network suppose red tubes to run back by the sides of the blue ones, joining constantly other tubes until all are united in two large ones on the main stem of our bunches of grapes. The blue tubes are the pulmonary arteries and their branches. The network on the grapes are the capillaries, and the red tubes are the pulmonary veins. The lymphatic vessels and nerves follow to some degree the same course as the blood vessels. We call the windpipe the trachea, and its larger branches the bronchi. As the bronchi are traced in the lungs they divide into tubes of lesser diameter. These again sub-divide into tubes growing smaller in a gradual manner. After a certain stage of division each tube is reduced to about onefiftieth of an inch and is called a bronchiole. These bronchioles open into blind spaces

called infundibulae, which are lined with air celis.

In respiration we have two movements of the chest which occur in regular succession. These movements are known as inspiration and expiration. Their purpose is to maintain in the lungs regular currents of air, which serve to renew in the blood brought to the lungs the oxygen which has been used up. There are three modes of respiration in the human being. The first, which is known as abdominal breathing occurs principally in children. The ribs remain practically motionless, and the respiratory action is shown only by the movements of the abdominal wall. In the second type, known as the inferior costal method of breathing, the respiratory movements take place especially at the level of the lower ribs. This mode of respiration is found in men usually. The third mode of respiration is found in women and is known as the superior costal type. Here the movements of respiration are most evident about the upper ribs.

The quantity of air breathed into the lungs ordinarily during each inspiration is about twenty cubic inches in an adult. This air is called tidal air. After we have taken an ordinary breath we can still inhale a large quantity of air by forced inspiration. As much as one hundred and twenty cubic inches can be inhaled by strong robust adults in this manner. The air taken in over the amount of an ordinary inspiration is known as complemental air. Again on forced expiration we can breath out much more air from our lungs than we do ordinarily. This extra amount of air is known as supplemental or reserved air and is about the same amount as complemental air, one hundred cubic inches. After all the air has been expelled from the lungs by the fullest possible expiration, some air still remains there. This is known as residual air. Its volume is also about one hundred cubic inches. The total amount of air the lungs can hold is known as the vital capacity. This includes the tidal, complemental and reserved airs. In other words, the vital capacity of the lungs represents the amount of air which a person is able to expel from his lungs after the deepest possible inspiration.

Now, after reviewing briefly the anatomy and physiology of the lungs, let us try to explain to you why we think it important to insist upon coughing correctly.

Granting that your physician has done all in his power to help you control your cough, there very often remains a cough which causes you a great deal of inconvenience. Both

society and your personal welfare demand protection from such a cough.

It is a recognized fact that the micro-organisms which are causative of a great many diseases are very often found in the mouth and throat. We know too that several diseases are spread from person to person by the neglect of the use of a handkerchief when coughing. It is only right then, that when you must yield to the desire of coughing that you use your handkerchief. By so doing you protect and help preserve the health of others, the health so much coveted by you at the present time.

Your personal welfare is a matter of great importance to each and every one. The old saying "Look out for number one first" ought to appeal to each one individually. Not only do we make an appeal to you to be more careful than ever before from a personal standpoint, because of fear of re-infection, but also for the sake of shortening the disease process in your lungs or throat. While re-infection may occasionally take place, this danger is small compared with the much greater peril which faces you if you cough improperly.

We explained to you before the construction and functions of the lungs. On an ordinary expiration, you will remember, we told you there were about twenty cubic inches of air exhaled. When we force the air out of our lungs without coughing we are able to expel another one hundred cubic inches of air. This air is called the reserved or supplemental air. We use it in emergency breathing, such as may result from various strenuous exercises.

Now the act of coughing uses up the reserved air and some times part of the residual air also. The breathing caused by coughing becomes a hard and strenuous exercise at least so far as the lungs are concerned. In place of an ordinary quiet intake of air

amounting to twenty cubic inches we force one hundred to one hundred and thirty cubic inches of air into our lungs. On the other hand, instead of expelling twenty inches partly deoxygenated air, we expel one hundred twenty cubic inches of air which has hardly been used. This act repeated a number of times each day surely does harm to the lungs. It first irritates them and later forms a fertile field for the implantation of disease. This is not theoretical but is a fact.

It

The relief or prevention of this misfortune, the danger of re-infection to yourself, and the protection to yourself as well as other members of society can be accomplished, we believe, in a very simple manner. is easier to demonstrate to you why to cough correctly with the use of your hankerchief than to try to tell you how. However, let us try to explain.

Fold your handkerchief so that it is about five inches square. Place it flatly in the right hand, if you are right-handed, and with this hand hold it tightly over the mouth. Press the hand on the mouth, since to hold it loosely over the mouth will not accomplish our purpose. Now instead of coughing and trying to muffle the sound in your throat or mouth, muffle it with your handkerchief. Practice

it until a person ten feet away cannot hear you. The sound made in coughing is due partly to air passing over the vocal cords, partly to air going through the bronchial tubes and trachea and partly to the resonance produced in the chambers lying above the trachea. This sound can be almost wholly avoided and the irritation to the lungs and air passages prevented by keeping the air passages open and letting your handkerchief do the muffling. Now instead of expelling 120 cubic inches of air at each expiration. you will expel a smaller amount with more comfort to yourself, and to those around you and with much less harm to your lungs.

The general election held in New York State November 2d last furnished additional evidence of the value of the referendum method of securing appropriations for the establishment of tuberculosis Fospitals. The five counties which voted on the question of appropriating definite sums of money for hospital provision registered a decisive majority

in each case. A total of approximately 245 additional beds, for which a total of $230,000 was voted, is thus assured.

In 1914 four counties voted on the question. Combining the results of the referendum of that year with those of this year, the following interesting facts are brought out: 1. That $410,000 have been appropriated