29. 30. 31. 32. But natheless this marquis hath done make Both hall and chambers, each in his degree; There mayest thou see of dainteous vitaille And cometh home as soon as ever she may; Natheless. See Index.--Done make, caused to make, got made. Make is here properly an infinitive.-Gemmes (Lat. gemma, gem, jewel). Dissyl.-Azure (Per. lajuward, azure; Ar. azraq, azure; Ger. lasur, azure-color; Sp. azul, the lapis lazuli, Ger. lasurstein, the stone of blue color). Azure or blue, the color of the sky, is the color of truth. So in Hudibras, Presbyterian true blue." See Spenser's Epithalamium, 3d stanza. -Brooches (Lat. brochus, a projecting tooth; W. proc, a stab; Fr. broche, a spit, pin; Eng. brooch, a clasp, so called from the pin which fastens it), clasps. -Ringes. Dissyl.-Undern (A. S.), the third hour of the day, or nine in the morning.-Same. Dissyl.-His degree, its degree. The form its, as possessive, is quite modern, being very rarely found as early as in Shakespeare's time. In King James's version of the Bible, his is used instead of its.-Stuffed. Dissyl.--Fer (A. S.), far.-Lasteth. Monosyl.-Real (0. Fr. real; Lat. regalis, kingly, rex, king; Fr. royal), royal. -Bachelerie (W. bach, little, young; W. baches, a pretty little woman; O. Fr. bacheler, a young man; L. Lat. baccalarius, a soldier not old or rich enough to lead his retainers into battle with a banner), knights of the lowest order, or young knights.-Righte. Dissyl.-Shapen (see schope, st. 21), made.-Went (A. S. wendan, to turn, go; imperf. went), gone.-Home. A. S. hẩm; O. Sax., O. Friesic, Sw., hem; Dan, hiem; Ice. heimr; Ger., D., heim; Goth. haims; Gr. κôμn? village; Lith. kaimas ? To felchen water at a well is went. The sound of w, in water, well, went, being a weak and flowing sound, is adapted to express gentle motion, gentleness, weakness. E. g. Lat. rado (for v in Latin often corresponds to w, the latter not being found in that language), Eng. wade; Lat. vert-ĕre, Eng. -wards, Ger. -wärts; Lat. veho, Eng. way, wagon, wain; Ger. wallen, to spring up. Eng. well; Ger. wandern, Eng. wander; Ger. wehen, to blow, Eng. wind, Lat. vent-us; Ger. wenden, to turn, Eng. wend, went; Ger. winden, Eng. wind; Eng. wave, welter, wallow, warble, waddle, waft, waz, wane. Give other illustrations. 33. 34. 35. 36. For well she had heard say that thilke* day And as she would over the threshold gon, This thoughtful marquis spake unto this maid He by the hand then taketh this old man, Longer the pleasance of mine herte hide. If that thou vouchesafe what so betide, * Thilke, this same. See st. 21.-Fellows (A. S. felow, fr. fyligan, fylian, to follow), companions.-Fond (Ice. fana, to act sillily; Scot. fone, to fondle; fon, to play the fool; O. Eng. fond, to dote on, fondle, caress), be eager.-Which that, which.-Longeth, belongeth.-Leisure (Lat. licere, to be at liberty; Fr. loisir, permission).-Threshold (A. S. threscan, to thresh; wald, weald, wood; A. S. threscwald).-Gan, began. A. S. ginnan, gynnan, begin. "The original sense of ginnan is to cut, split." Webster.-Oxe, dissyl. In Italy and some other countries the peasantry sometimes live under the same roof with their cattle.-Sad. See st. 24.-Withouten (A. S. widh, with; utan, out), without.-Let (A. S. lettan, to retard, make late; lät, late), hindrance, delay.-Fet (A. S. fetian, to bring), fetched.-Pleasaunce (Lat. placere, to please; Fr. plaisir, to please; plaisance), pleasure.-Vouchesafe (vouch fr. Lat. vocare, the c changed to ch by Grimm's law; vocare, to call; O. Fr. vocher; Lat. salvus, Fr. sauf, safe; vouchesafe, vouch for safety, permit to be done safely), permit. Trisyl.-What so betide, what [I pray] may happen Betide, A. S. tidan, to happen. In the note on beguile, st. 28, it was shown that the prefix besometimes gives emphasis. Here observe another effect of the prefix; viz., it renders intransitive verbs transitive. E. g., belie, befall. Let the student look up other examples to illustrate both these points. 80. And down upon her knees she gan to fall. The sound of kn, in knee (and of gn, in the Lat. genu, knee, Gr. yóvu, knee), was originally a broken sound, and so expressed a breaking off suddenly. E. g., knot, knock, knell, knap, knit, knag, knead, knuckle, knurly. So gnarl. Other examples? 37. 38. 39. 40. Thy daughter will I take, ere that I wend, Thou lovest me, that wot I well certain, The sudden case the man astonied so But only this, "Lord," quoth he, "my willing I will no thing, ye be my lord so dear, "Then will I," quoth this marquis softely, To be my wife and rule her after me: And in the chamber while they were about The people came unto the house without, * Liegeman. See lieges, st. 2.-Liketh (A. 8. lician, to be pleased, to please), pleaseth.Sayn, say.-Astonied (A. S. stunian, to stun; Ger. staunen, to be astonished; Lat. attonare, to thunder at; fr. ad, to, and tonare, to thunder; Fr. étonner; O. Eng. astone), astonished. So in the Bible; e. g., Dan. iv. 19.-Wax (A. S. wenzen; Ger. wachsen, to grow), waxed, grew.-Unnethes (A. S. un; Lat. in, not; A. S. eadh, ready, easy; Goth. azets, easy: Fr. aisé), not easily, with difficulty.-Mo (A. S. mâ; Scot. mae, more; A. S. mára; Ger. mehr; Lat. magis, more), more.Against. To make out the metre, pronounce against as a trisyl.-Governeth. Impera. plu. See governance, st. 134.-Matier. Acc. 2d syl.-Collation (Lat. co-, con-, cum, together, latum, to bring; collatio, a bringing together), a conference, an interview.-Wost (2d sing, fr. wis, pres. tense of A. S. witan, to know; wiste, knew; Lat. vid-ere, to separate with the eye, to see, becoming Eng. wit by Grimm's law, and the latter meaning to separate with the mind, to know, Gr. ¿Fida, I know), knowest. See void, in Index.-Rule her, rule herself.-Audience, hearing.— Treaty (Fr. traité; Lat. tractatus, a drawing out, agreement drawn up; Fr. traho, I draw), agreement. Which as which.-Wondered them (a reflexive combination, like bethought them'), wondered.-Honest (Lat. honestus, honorable), respectable. Acc. 2d syl. Thou lovest me, that wot I well certain. The smooth sound of is adapted to express what is soft or soothing; as in lull, like, love, lave, lute; Lat. levis, smooth; Gr. Aeios; Lat. libet and lubet, it pleases. By analogy, especially at the end of words, it denotes slight or little things; as satchel, a little sack; Lat. scutulum, a little shield. Naturally it is employed to name actions in which the tongue, the organ that is chiefly used in enunciating the sound, is the main instrument; as Gr. λadéw, to prate; Lat. lallo; Ger. lallen; Eng. loll; Welsh, Uolian; Gr. λánтw; Eng. lap; Lat. lambo; Gr. deixw; Lat. lingo, Eng. lick, Ger. lecken, Ir. lighim. Other examples? 41. 42. 43. 14. And tenderly she kept her father dear. No wonder is, though that she be astoned "Griseld," he said, “ye shall well understand, That I you wed; and eke it may so stand, "I say this, 'Be ye ready with good heart Wondering upon this thing, quaking for dread, She saide, "Lord, undigne and unworthy In work, ne thought, I n’ill you disobey, * Erst (superlative of ere, before; fr. A. S. ær, before; ærest, most before; Ger. eher, before; erst, first), before.-Never... ne. The double negative increases the negative force.Astoned. Same as astonied, st. 38.-Never... none. Strengthened negation.-Woned (A. S. wunian, to dwell; O. Eng. won; Ger. wohnen), wonted, accustomed.-Chase (0. Fr. chacier ; Fr. chasser; Lat. captare, to strive to seize, fr. capere, to take. See Grimm's law). pursue. -Arn (0. Eng. plu.), are.-Veray (Lat. verus, true), true, very.-Avise, give counsel, advise. See st. 26.-Me best thinketh, seems best to me.-My lust, my wish or will.-Grutchen (0. Fr. groucher, to murmur; Ger. grunzen, Eng. grunt. The u in these and many other words expresses low and obscure sounds), grudge.—Ne, nor. See n'as, st. 54.-Alliance. Acc. 1st and 3d. syl.-Saide. Dissyl.-Undigne (Lat. in, not, dignus, worthy), undeserving.—Unworthy. Acc. 1st and 3d syl.-Thilk, this. See st. 21.-Honor. Acc. 2d syl will not. The reader will notice the large infusion of the French element in Chaucer's language. Contemporaries complained that he "imported a wagon-load of foreign words." Why may Chaucer have been predisposed to do this? N'ill, That I you wed, and eke it may so stand. To sound the st, as in stand, tends to bare and set the front teeth, and gives the face a look that denotes firmness, stability. Thus, Gr. iorqui, Lat. stare, Eng. stand, staff, stake, stalk, stall, stay, steady, stem, stick, stiff, stock, stout, stub, stubborn, stump, sturdy; Ger. stein, Eng. stone. Other illustrations of this? 45. 46. 47. 48. For to be dead, though* me were loth to die." And to the people he said in this mannere Whoso me loveth. There is no more to say." And for that nothing of her olde gear A coroune on her head they have ydressed, This marquis hath her spoused with a ring * Though... die, though to die were grievous to me.-Honoreth. Impera. plu. Acc. 2d syl. For that, because.-Gear (A. S. geara, gearwa, provision, furniture; gearwian, to prepare; Ger. gärben, to prepare leather, to tan), clothing.-Clothes. Dissyl.--Haires. Dissyl.-Kempt (A. S. cemban; O. Eng. kemben ; Ger, kämmen; to comb), combed.-Rudely. Trisyl.-Coroune (Lat. corona), crown.--Ydressed, adjusted.-Nouches (allied to notch, or from Late Latin' nusca, or nosca, noschia, a clasp), clasps, buckles, jewels.-What, why.-Unneth, scarcely. See unnethes, st. 38.--Translated, transformed.—Richesse (Fr. and O. Eng.), riches. A. S. ric, Ger. reich, rich. The word was originally in the singular number.-Same. Dissyl. -Let (A. S. lat, late; letian, lettan, to make late, hinder), delayed. Let in the sense of permit, is from A. S. lætan, O. Sax. latan, Ger. lassen. The student should accustom himself to scrutinize closely the root-meanings of words. The teacher will find it a very profitable exercise, for pupils to look out and memorize with great care the roots, primitive meanings, and kindred forms, of a number of words regularly assigned for the purpose as a part of the daily lesson. To handle her clothes, wherein she was clad. The sound of cl, as in cloth and clad, often denotes cleaving to, or adhering. E. g., cleave, clay, cling, clinch, clutch, climb, clamber, clot, clod, clasp: Ger. kleid, garment. Shakespeare's lines illustrate this origin of the word clothes: "New honors, come upon him, Like our strange garments, cleave not to their mould, This marquis hath her spoused with a ring. The sound of r, as in ring, denotes interrupted or distorted motion; as Lat. rota, wiel; Eng. ring, round, cramp, crook, crown, gripe, grasp, reel, roll. It also denotes broken or rattling noises, as Gr. xpi¿w, кротew, кpúśw; Eng. croak, crack. cry, crash, creak, rattle. Other examples ? |