Travels in North America, Canada, and Nova Scotia with Geological Observations, Band 2J. Murray, 1855 |
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abundant America ancient appears bank Bay of Fundy Bayfield beds boulder formation British Brongn Brookfield Canada Cape Breton carboniferous Cincinnati clay cliffs coal-field coal-measures coloured Dawson Debert Debert River deposits Devonian district drift Europe feet high feet thick ferns forest formed FOSSIL PLANTS fossiliferous fossils Frostburg furrows Geological Society geologists gneiss grænlandica granite gravel gypsiferous gypsum height hills horizontal hypogene inches Island Lake Champlain Lake Erie Lake Ontario land Lawrence layers Lepidodendron limestone Lower Silurian marine shells mass mastodon miles Minudie Montreal mountain NAMES OF FOSSIL nearly Niagara northern Nova Scotia observed occur Ohio organic remains origin Pecopteris Pictou Quebec recent red marl red sandstone ridges sand seams of coal shale shore Shubenacadie Sigillaria South Joggins species Stigmaria strata stratified surface Tellina terrace upper upright trees valley Verneuil Windsor York
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Seite 33 - The same conformity of organization is not less obvious in the osteological structure of these people, as seen in the squared or rounded, head, the flattened or vertical occiput, the high cheek bones, the ponderous maxillae, the large quadrangular orbits, and the low, receding forehead.
Seite 171 - He also stated that fragments of the " black stone" which fell from the summit of the cliff, » a pile of which, d, fig. 16, lay at its base, were often frozen into the ice, and moved along with it. I then examined these fallen blocks of amygdaloid scattered round me, and observed in them numerous geodes coated with quartz crystals. I have no doubt that the hardness of these gravers, firmly fixed in masses of ice, which, although only fifteen feet thick, are often of considerable horizontal extent,...
Seite 25 - Horizontal galleries may be driven everywhere at very slight expense, and so worked as to drain themselves, while the cars, laden with coal and attached to each other, glide down on a railway, so as to deliver their burden into barges moored to the river's bank.
Seite 169 - ... being N. 35° E., or corresponding to that of the shore at this point. After walking about a quarter of a mile, I found another set of similar furrows, having the same general direction within five degrees ; and I made up my mind that if these grooves could not be referred to the modern instrumentality of ice, it would throw no small doubt on the glacial hypothesis.
Seite 170 - I found another set of similar furrows, having the same general direction within five degrees ; and I made up my mind that, if these grooves could not be referred to the modern instrumentality of ice, it would throw no small doubt on the glacial hypothesis. When I asked my guide — a peasant of the neighborhood — whether he had ever seen much ice on the spot where we stood...
Seite 22 - I was truly astonished, now that I had entered the hydrographical basin of the Ohio, at beholding the richness of the seams of coal, which appear everywhere on the flanks of the hills and at the bottom of the valleys, and which are accessible in a degree I never witnessed elsewhere. The time has not yet arrived, the soil being still densely covered with the primeval forest, and manufacturing industry To face Vol.
Seite 35 - European nation, appears to me a baseless hypothesis, however true it may be that the aboriginal Americans had derived some hints from foreign sources If, then, a large continent can be inhabited by hundreds of tribes, all belonging to the same race, and nearly all remaining for centuries in a state of apparently hopeless barbarism, while two or three of them make a start in their social condition, and in the arts and sciences; if these same nations, when brought into contact with Europeans, relapse...
Seite 181 - Stigmariae are abundant in the argillaceous sandstones of these coal-measures, often with their leaves attached, and spreading regularly in all directions from the stem. It commonly happens here, as in Europe, that, when this plant occurs in sandstone, none of its leaf-like processes (or rootlets?) are attached, but I saw one remarkable exception in strata of micaceous sandstone, between the site of the upright tree represented in fig. 19. and those given in fig. 21. The stem was about four inches...
Seite 95 - Secondly, a gradual submergence then took place, bringing down each part of the land successively to the level of the waters, and then to a moderate depth below them. Large islands and bergs of floating ice came from the north, which, as they grounded on the coast and on shoals, pushed along all loose materials of sand and pebbles, broke off...
Seite 169 - ... passage of sand and gravel, washed over it from the talus of fallen fragments, which lies at the foot of the cliff on the beach above. The slow but constant undermining of the perpendicular cliff forming this promontory, round which the powerful currents caused by the tide sweep backwards and forwards with prodigious velocity, must satisfy every geologist that the denudation by which the ledge in question has been exposed to view is of modern date. Whether the rocks forming the cliff extended...