museum, is a drawing of Edward Lloyd. On regaining the road, Maes Newydd on the r. proceeds 1 m., with the river Lery on the 1., to Taly-bont, at the 7th m. Proceeding am. to Penton-las, on the 1. is Peny-bont-pren, on the Ceulan, formerly the property of Herbert Lloyd, attorneyat-law, of Caermarthen, by purchase of Charles Griffiths, whose family resided here for many generations. At the 8th m. is Nant-y-lleian and Erglodd, where a mine produces lead ore and quartz. a m. further pass Troed-rhiw-fedwen and Tafarn-fach. On the 1. lies the immense tract of Cors Fochno, bounded on the N. by the river Dyfi. Near the shore, called Bird's-point, is a tumulus called Moel-ynys, or Tommen-llás. A sand near it is called Traeth Maelgwn. Beyond the 9th m. cross the Clettwr, 1 m. To the 1. is Llancynfelin, stationed upon high ground, and considered to be the birthplace of Deio ab Ievan Dû, who flourished about the year 1480. The church, dedicated to Cynfelyn (son of Bleidyd ab Meirion), who founded a church at Welsh Pool, consists simply of a nave, having a porch and an ancient pointed arch. In the interior are some remains of an ancient carved screen. This edifice is delightfully situated, overlooking the vast plain of Cors Fochno. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Chichester family. Near the 10th m. pass the park gate. On the 1. is Park Lodge, originally Bôd-frigau, belonging to Pryse Pryse, Esq., of Gogerddan, member for the borough. a m. further pass a brook at Melin Lodge. On the 1. is Ty'n Cornel. At the 11th m. is Cae-mawr. Cross the Einon at Dyfi Furnace, where formerly iron ore was smelted. It was erected in 1775 by Vernon, Kendal, and Co. Just beyond, at the 12th m. is Eglwys-Fâch, called also Llanfihangel-capelEdwin, erected by John Lloyd, of Ynys-Hîr, A. D. 1623. This church is a neat small structure. The entrance to the cemetery is through an antique. looking gateway. Over the s. window of the chancel is the following inscription: HEC EC'C ERE'C PER IOHE LLOYD AN'O DI'N, 1623. Cross a tributary to the Einon, near Cwm-ereu on the r. and Melyn dwr to the 1. The scenery at the latter place is extremely beautiful. At Pont-y-pren the dark rocks rise on one side nearly 400 feet above the bed of the river. At the 13th m. is the trading village of Garreg. The road for the remainder of the route lies on the eastern bank of the Dyfi, leaving Gogarth and Penmaen at some distance on the w. side. Plinlimmon appears 7 or 8 m. to the s. E.

PONT-Y-MYNACH, or DEVIL'S BRIDGE, and HAVOD, are objects of general attraction to the visitants at Aberystwith. The former is generally taken in the way to the latter. The N. side of the Rheidol contains a greater variety of objects; but the high road is preferable for carriages. Instead of crossing that river along the turnpike road to the s., pass eastward, through Northgate, to LLANBADARN-FAWR, a parish which contains several manors, and is described in its alphabetic place. Thence, along the banks of the river, leaving a mill, Felin-person, on the r. gain the river side of Nanteirio. On the 1. is Fronfraith, once the seat of Sir T. Bronsall. Next enter Cwm Rheidol, passing along the banks of that river 8 m. further, before you reach Devil's Bridge, PONT-Y-MYNACH, which see. THE RETURN from HAVOD might be made along the Ystwith, by way of Yspytty-Ystwith, "the hospitium of the Ystwith." This church stands upon a rock commanding a delightful prospect of Maen Arthur wood, the property of the Earl of Lisburne. On the summit is Grogwynion, the residence of the incumbent of Llanavan, from which descends a fine sheet of water. Cross the river at Blaen-y-dol: proceed nearly 2 m. to Llanafan, situated at a very picturesque bend of the

Ystwith. The Church, dedicated to St. Afan Buallt (son of Cedig ab Ceredig, probably a bishop of Llanbadarn), consists of a nave and south transept, the latter of which contains the pews and vault of the Crosswood family. An avenue of yew-trees leads to this transept from the entrance of the churchyard. Part of an ancient screen yet remains. There is a curious silver dish used for the patten at the sacrament, presented by one of the earls of Lisburne. Pass Capel, back to Crosswood or Traws Coed, the noble mansion of the right honourable the Earl of Lisburne, and the residence of John Jones, Esq. The house is large, the park handsome, and the farm in the highest state of cultivation. A road on the r. of the park leads to Cwm-mwydion, crossing the little river Aber-Magwyr. 1 m. beyond is Abertrinant a seat formerly belonging to a family named Lloyd. The house has been suffered to decay, and is now occupied by a farmer. At a short distance is Llanfihangel-y-creuddin. Sarn-Helen, from Llania to Machynlleth, crosses this parish, in a farm called Brenan. At a small house called Lletty-Synod, in ancient times, the synods of the monks were often held. The church is cruciform, with an immense high square tower in the centre, supported by four pointed arches. Upon a hill, about 2 m. E. of the church, called Careg-Fihangel, are three tumuli. At the distance of 2 m. leave Pen-y-wern on the 1. Nothing remarkable occupies the remainder of the 7 m. from Llanfihangel, except Nant Eôs, on the r. of Pen-y-bont, W. E. Powell, Esq. This mansion is a substantial building, containing some family portraits and Flemish paintings.

It is in contemplation to form a carriage road on the right bank of the Rheidol up the entire vale to the Devil's Bridge, the beauty of which vale is entirely lost to view, after the first six miles from Aberystwith, where the road diverges to the left. When accomplished, this line, from the romantic character of the scenery, will form one of the most picturesque drives in the kingdom, there being not less than three fine cascades of considerable height on the river.

Dr. Mavor made AN EXCURSION round the environs of Aberystwith. He visited first Plas-crug, a fortified mansion on the banks of the Rheidol, which tradition distinguishes as the residence of several Welsh princes. It is situated upon an estate belonging to W. E. Powell, Esq., of Nant Eôs, near Aberystwith. The remains are very considerable, and pleasingly situated in a valley which terminates at that seaport. Of this mansion a square embattled tower is still very entire. A narrow passage leads into a quadrangular division, apparently once a kitchen, of which the outer walls are in good preservation. The apartments have been very spacious and numerous, but the area is completely filled with fallen fragments. That this place has been a residence of Silurian princes is certain, being particularly noticed by Eineon ap Gwgan, who flourished in 1244. Of Llywelyn the Great he says,

"His spear flashes in hands accustomed to mortal deeds;

It kills, and puts its enemies to flight, by the palace of the Rheidol."

It was afterwards a residence of Owen Glyndwr. (Cambrian Itin.— Pennant's Life of Glyndwr.) He then visited LLANBADARN FAWR, making a digression to Gogerddan, one of the residences of Pryse Pryse, Esq., M.P. for the borough, and distant from Aberystwith about 1 m. This mansion is situated upon a lawn, between two very lofty mountains: one is clothed with various kinds of pines and evergreens, the other with oak. A small river flows through the lawn near the house. A broad winding path, through a wood from the r. of the road to Machynlleth, conducted Dr.

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Mavor to Lodge Park, also belonging to Pryse Pryse, Esq. The mansion is erected on a bold eminence, and commands some exquisitely fine views. In this park are some valuable mines, particularly one of silver, which has produced a considerable quantity. The ore, however, is not sufficiently rich to yield any great profit to the proprietor. He next directed his course to Moel-ynis, "the barren isle," which produces scarcely any thing but rabbits, and foxes to prey upon them. It is wholly surrounded by the sea, and the rivers Dyfi and Lerry, with only one entrance by a stone bridge. Our tourist next rode along the sands to Borth, once a Roman station, but now a fishing cottage. To this place the company from Aberystwith make excursions for the sake of inhaling the sea-breeze.

The road To TowYN lies on the sea-shore. Penglâs, on the r., 1. m. BowStreet. Capel Cynfelyn, where occurs a causeway named Sarn Cynfelyn, which extends 7 m. into the sea, from Gwallawg. At the termination of this causeway is Caer-Wyddno, supposed to have been a royal residence. At Borth enter upon a region presenting a grand display of scenery, and cross the estuary of the Dyfi to the small seaport of Aberdovey, in the parish of Towyn, rapidly rising in estimation as a watering-place, consisting of seven respectable houses and a hotel, ranged along the shore; near which is the pleasing villa of Trefrie, the property of F. Griffiths, Esq., of Bishop's Castle. Here a few vessels import coals and limestone, exporting bark and other productions of the valley. To the N. the coast extends over a long flat sand, bounded by a stripe of swampy ground. view of the Merionethshire mountains, extending in a N. N. E. direction, now opens, bounded by the towering Cader-Idris. In front appears the Caernarvon range, which gradually ascends from its s. w. extremity, till it reaches the pointed summit at Snowdon. After a walk of 4 m. reach a border of peat moss, which extends far into the sea. TOWYN, 1 m.

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Fishing Stations.—Gwmws-Isaf, 10 m.; Clarach, 3 m.; Llanddeiniol, on the Gwyri, 7 m., a good stream; Llavan, 8 m., on the Ystwith; Maesmawr, 8 m.; Ysbutty Ystrad Meyric, 13 m.; an excellent station, surrounded by other fine streams.

AMLWCH, so called, probably, from the name of a contiguous lake, am about, and llwch, a sandy beach, is situated on the N. coast of Anglesea, and was in 1766 a village or hamlet, consisting of only six houses; but, as the works of the high table land of Trysclwyn, or Parys Mountain, increased, this place augmented to the size of a markettown. The return made to government in 1831 stated the population amounted to 6285. In 1352 it consisted of only eight domiciles.

Amlwch is a borough in conjunction with Holyhead and Llangefni, contributary to Beaumaris, and sharing in the return of one member of parliament.

The Church, to which Llanwenllwyfo is subordinate, is dedicated to St. Elaeth, surnamed cannaid, "the Bright," and is a spacious and handsome structure, erected by the Parys Mine Company, at the expense of 40001. Except the great promontory of Holyhead, this, which perpetuates the name of Elian, is the highest point of land upon the coast of Anglesea.

There are three places of worship each for Calvinistic and Wesleyan Methodists, and one each for Baptists and Independents. In 1821 a National School was established, adapted to the reception of 300 children, where 240 receive gratuitous instruction. The building was erected at an expense of 1,2001. defrayed by subscription, to the support of which the interest of Mr. Kynmer's donation of 3117. has since been appropriated. The charitable donations distributed annually by the minister and churchwardens amount to 447. The principal inn is Ty-mawr.

Trysclwyn has become important from the celebrated Parys Mountain (probably from a Robert Parys, chamberlain of North Wales, in the reign of Henry IV.). The aspect of the hill, rising into enormous rocks of coarse aluminous shale and whitish quartz, is very rugged. It is generally believed that the Romans obtained copper ore from this mountain, for vestiges are yet left of what was taken for their operations; and some very ancient stone utensils have, at different times, been turned up. A round cake was found at Llanvaethlu, a few miles distant, weighing 50 lb. stamped with a mark resembling an L. From the time of the Romans to the year 1761, these three mines seem to have been entirely neglected. Many and repeated attempts were made from the year 1757 to 1762 by Sir Nicholas Bayley, without success, when, at the suggestion of Frazer, a Scotch miner, Messrs. Roe and Co. of Macclesfield took a lease of the mine of Penrhyn-dû with part of the Parys Mountain, from Sir Nicholas Bayley, father of Lord Uxbridge, which expired about 1792. Considerable sums of money had been expended by the company in making levels to drain off the water from the latter mine, without any hope of success: they had, indeed, nearly given up all farther attempts. Their agent was, however, determined to make a final experiment in another part of the mountain. This fortunately succeeded; for, in less than two days, ore of almost pure copper was found; within two yards of the surface, which proved to be that vast bed since wrought to infinite advantage. The day of this discovery was the 2d of March, 1768, the anniversary of which has ever since been of served as a festival, St. Chad being considered the patron saint. The Rev. Edward Hughes, a proprietor of another part of this mountainous ridge, proved equally successful. The bed of ore was in some places more than sixty feet in thickness; and the proprietors are said at one period to have shipped 30,000 tons annually.

The Parys and Mona mines are both situated in the same vein, which exceeds, in some places, 100 yards, descending to an unknown depth. The principal vein contains ore in what the workmen term "bellies," and these afterwards constitute what they call "stock-works."

At the summit of Trysclwyn we stand on the verge of a vast and terrific hollow, the sides of which are mostly perpendicular. Along the edges are the stages with the whimsies by which the buckets are lowered; from which the men descend to their stations upon the sides. Here suspended, the workman picks, with an iron instrument, a place for a

footing, whence he cuts out the ore, and tumbles it to the bottom. After working the place into a cavern he removes to a new station. In the Parys mountain are two mines. Of these, that upon the E. side, called the Mona Mine, was the entire property of the Marquess of Anglesea. The Parys Mine, the joint property of the Marquess of Anglesea and Lord Dinorben; but the earl's interest in both was disposed of to a Cornwall company. After the ore is obtained it is broken into small pieces, and piled in a kiln resembling those used for lime, with a contrivance to take out at the bottom the roasted ore, and thus keep up a perpetual fire. From the neck of the kiln branches off a single flue, which conveys the sulphur into a receiving chamber, built so as to be on a level with the neck of the kiln, i. e. above the ore. The two smelting houses, of which one belongs to each company, contain a vast number of reverberatory furnaces: the chimneys are 41 feet high. They are charged every five hours with 12 cwt, of ore, which yields cwt. of rough copper, containing 50 per cent. of pure metal. The coals are procured from Swansea and Liverpool, a great portion of which is Wigan Slack.

The sulphate of copper, however, is the richest ore which the mine yields, containing about 50 per cent. of pure metal. This is found in solution at the bottom of the mine, whence it is pumped up into cisterns, like tanners' pits, about two feet deep. Of these there are many ranges, each communicating with a shallow pool of considerable extent, into which are put cast-iron plates, and other damaged iron vessels; when the sulphuric acid enters into combination with the iron, depositing the copper in the form of a very slightly oxidated residuum. The cisterns are cleared once in a quarter of a year; when the sulphate of iron in solution is let off into a shallow pool, the copper taken to a kiln, dried well, and is then ready for exportation. The sulphate of iron remaining in the pool partly decomposes by spontaneous evaporation, and yields an ochreous deposition, which is dried, and shipped to Liverpool and London. One ton of iron, thus immersed, produces about two tons of copper-mud, each of which, when smelted, will average 16 cwt. of copper; but the precipitate depends much on the quality of iron used. If wrought iron be immersed in mineral water, and left undisturbed till dissolved, the result will be nearly its own weight of pure copper which, from the superior quality, sells at a much higher price in the market than that obtained from the smelted ore. This mode of precipitating copper from its solvent, by the decomposing power of another metal, is not a recent discovery. It was known more than a century ago to the workmen in the mines of Hungary, where it was termed ziment copper; it was also practised in the Wicklow mines in Ireland, anterior to the adoption of the process here. The number of men employed in the underground workings of the Mona Mine, in 1806, were 227; the consumption of gunpowder 17,036 lb. and of candles 26,283 lb. In 1807 237 were employed: the consumption of gunpowder was 25,345 lb. and of candles 23,321 lb. In 1808, 122 men were employed: 6300 lb. of gunpowder and 9200 lb. of candles were consumed. Subsequent to these periods the energy in working considerably relaxed. The sulphur produced by roasting the poorer kind of ores, after being melted and refined, is cast into rolls and sent to London. The cones are chiefly used for manufacturing gunpowder and sulphuric acid. An alum work and green vitriol manufactory are conducted here upon a very admirable plan. This mountain also produces an ore of zinc, which in a similar manner is exposed to the roasting kilns, and becomes amalgamated with sulphuric particles. It is then dissolved in water, and, after the process of evaporation and crystallisation, sent to the London market. Nature has been profuse