Experiments on Schistosity and Slaty Cleavage |
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Page 25 - ... under existing commercial conditions. The necessity for making the mixture as cheaply as possible rules out of consideration a large number of materials which would be considered available if chemical composition was the only thing to be taken into account. Some materials otherwise suitable are too scarce; some are too difficult to pulverize. In consequence, a comparatively few combinations of raw materials are actually used in practice. In certain localities deposits of argillaceous (clayey)...
Page 33 - ... readily. A chalky limestone which in a dry season will not carry over 2 per cent. of moisture as quarried, may, .in consequence of prolonged wet weather show as high as 15 or 20 per cent. of water. This difficulty can, of course, be avoided if care be taken in quarrying to avoid unnecessary exposure to water and, if necessary, to provide facilities for storing a supply of the raw materials during wet seasons.
Page 22 - By a Portland cement is meant the product obtained from the heating or calcining up to incipient fusion of intimate mixtures, either natural or artificial, of argillaceous with calcareous substances, the calcined product to contain at least 1.7 times as much of lime, by weight, as of the materials which give the lime its...
Page 56 - A mixture which will give a cement carrying 59 per cent. of lime, for example, will require much less thorough burning than would a mixture designed to give a cement with 64 per cent. of lime. With equal lime percentages, the cement carrying high silica and low alumina and iron will require a higher temperature than if it were lower in silica and higher in alumina and iron. But, on the other hand, if the alumina and iron are carried too high, the clinker will ball up in the kiln, forming sticky and...
Page 59 - ... or whatever mill is in use for preliminary grinding. Adding it at this point insures much more thorough mixing and pulverizing than if the mixture were made later in the process. At some of the few plants which use plaster instead of gypsum the finely ground plaster is not added until the clinker has received its final grinding and is ready for storage or packing.
Page 28 - Though magnesia is often described as an "impurity" in limestone, this word, as can be seen from the preceding statements, hardly expresses the facts in the case. The magnesium carbonate present, whatever its amount, simply serves to replace an equivalent amount of calcium carbonate, and. the resulting rock, whether little or much magnesia is present, is still a pure carbonate rock. With the impurities to be discussed in later paragraphs, however, this is not the case. Silica, alumina, iron, sulphur,...
Page 288 - Throughout most of the Lehigh district the practice is to mix with a relatively large amount of the "cement rock" or argillaceous limestone a small amount of pure limestone, in order to bring the lime carbonate content up to the percentage proper for a Portland-cement mixture. As above noted, all of the "cement rock...
Page 11 - RUEDEMANN, RUDOLF. The Cambric Dictyonema fauna in the slate belt of eastern New York: Rept. of the New York State Paleontologist for 1902, pp. 934-958, 1903. 21. DALE, T. NELSON. Taconic physiography: Bull. US Geol. Survey No. — (in preparation).
Page 56 - Portland cement mixtures are very slight if compared, for example, to the differences between various natural cement rocks. But even such slight differences as do exist exercise a very appreciable effect on the burning of the mixture. Other things being equal, any increase in the percentage of lime in the mixture will necessitate a higher temperature in order to- get an equally sound cement. A mixture which will give a cement carrying 59 per cent. of lime, for example, will require much less thorough...
Page 33 - This reestablishment in favor of the hard limestones is doubtless due, in great part, to recent improvements in grinding machinery, for the purer limestones are usually much harder than argillaceous limestones like the Lehigh district "cement rock," and it was very difficult to pulverize them finely and cheaply with the crushing appliances in use when the Portland cement industry was first started in America. A series of analyses of representative pure hard limestones, together with analyses of the...