WILLIAM OF SENS. See ARCHITECTS, list of, 100.
WILLIAM OF WYKEHAM. See ARCHITECTS, list of, 141.
WIND-BEAM. An obsolete name for a COLLAR-BEAM. WINDLASS OF WINDLACE. A machine for raising weights, in which a rope or chain is wound about a cylindrical body moved by levers; also a handle by which anything is turned.
WINDOW. An aperture in a wall for the transmission of light to an apartment. Book III. Chap. I. Sect. 20.
WINE CELLAR. The apartment on the basement story, under ground, for stowing wine. The most important point in its construction is its being kept at a cool equal temperature. See BINNS.
WIRE. A small flexible bar of metal, elongated by means of a machine called a drawbench.
WITH. (Sax.) The partition between two chimney flues. See CHIMNEY.
WOOD. (Sax.) A fibrous material much used in building, and formed into shape by edge tools. The different sorts in use form the subject of Sect. 4. Chap. II. Book II.
WOOD BRICKs. Blocks of wood cut to the form and size of bricks, inserted in the interior walls as holds for the joinery.
WORKING DRAWINGS. See Book II. Chap. IV. Sect. 4.
WOTTON, SIR HENRY. See ARCHITECTS, list of, 251.
WREATHED COLUMNS. Those which are twisted in the form of a screw, also very appropriately called contorted columns.
WREN. See ARCHITECTS, list of, 264.
XENODOCHIUM. (Gr. Eevos, a guest, and ▲exoual, to receive.) A name given by the ancients to a building for the reception of strangers.
XYSTUS. (Gr.) In ancient architecture, a spacious portico, wherein the athletæ exercised themselves during winter. The Romans called, on the contrary, their hypathral walks xysti, which walks were by the Greeks called repidpoμides.
YARD. A well known measure of three feet.
ZAX. An instrument used for cutting slates.
ZIGZAG MOULDING. An ornament used in Gothic architecture. See p. 174. ZINC. A metal now much used in building. See Book II. Chap. II. Sect. 7.
Zocco. (It.) The same as SOCLE, which see.
ZOPHORUS. The same as FRIEZE, which see.
ZOTHECA. A small room or alcove, which might be added to, or separated from, the room to which it adjoined.
The figures refer to the several paragraphs.
ABATTOIRS, 2932, et seq. Ought to be esta- Erected blished in large towns, 2932. first at Paris, 2933, 2934. Those of Menilmontant and Montmartre, 2934. That of Menilmontant described, 2935, 2936.
Abbreviation, method of, in composition, 2857.
Aberdeen, Lord, his opinion on the pointed arch, 300.
Aberystwith Castle, 402.
Abury, circles of stones, 16, 17. 40.
Act for better regulation of buildings in London, called " Building Act," Ap- pendix, page 819, et seq.
Act for regulating chimney sweepers and chimneys, Appendix, page 853, et seq. Adam, architect, temp. George III., 518. Adam, Robert, an architect, temp. George III., 517. His work, ib.
Adams, Bernard, an architect, temp. Eliza- beth, 442.
Adams, Robert, an architect, temp. Eliza- beth, 440.
Adelphi, in the Strand, by Adam, 517. Adi, temple of, at Ellora, 26. Admiralty, designed by Ripley, 507. Admiralty, in London, 2886.
Adrian I., Pope, arts under, 281. Adze, a carpenter's tool, 2003. Esthetics, in architecture, 2493. Ayopal, or Fora, of the Greeks, 173. Agricola, architecture under, in Britain,
Alcala, college and church of, 367.
Alcala, palace of, 368.
Alcantara in Spain, bridge at, 193.
Alcinous, house of, illustrative of Greek architecture, 138. Described, generally,
ib. Aldrich, dean of Christchurch, his works and skill as an architect, 490. Alfred, king, his care of buildings of his time, 386.
Alhambra, ornamental detail of, 125. When founded, 127. Description of, 127.
All Saints', York, parochial church of, 421. All Souls' College, Oxford, some part by Hawksmoor, 499.
Amberley Castle, built by Rede, bishop of Chichester, 413.
Ambresbury House, Wilts, by Webb on Jones's designs, 465.
Amiens, cathedral at, 310. 314, 315. Com- parison of, with Salisbury Cathedral, 315. Ammanati, Bartol., his works, 331. His work La Città, ib. Amphitheatre at Capua, 193. Amphitheatres described.
at Otricoli, on the banks of the Gari- gliano, Puzzuoli, Capua, Verona, Pola, Arles, Saintes, Autun, Nismes, and Nice, 228. Coliseum described, with plan, sec- tion, and elevation, 192. 228, 229. First used by the Etruscans, 232. That at Nismes, dimensions of, 233.
Ampthill, Beds., 423. 426.
Ampthill, drawings relating to, 440. Amsterdam, exchange at, 2939.
Amsterdam, town hall at, 2897.
Anastasius II., architecture under, 271. Angle of vision, in perspective, how to se- lect, 2444, et seq.
Angle ribs for square domes, 2064. Angle tie, what, 2009.
Anglo-Saxon architecture, 383, et seq. Characteristics of, 390.
Anglo-Saxon buildings enumerated, 389. Anglo-Saxon columns, 390. Arches, ib. Capitals, ib. Windows, ib. Walls, ib. Cielings and roofs, ib. Ornaments, ib. and 397. Plans, ib. Towers, ib. Anglo-Saxon style, three æras of, 391. Annex, of Friburg, an early German archi- tect, 365.
Annuities. See Compound Interest.
Annuities, tables relating to, Appendix, p. 879, et seq.
Annunziata, choir of church of, at Florence,
Anson, Lord, house for, in St. James's Square, by Stuart, 516.
Antefixæ, in a Roman house, 247.
Antoine, architect of the Mint at Paris, 360.
Antonine column, 2603.
Antoninus and Faustina, Corinthian temple of, at Rome, 211.
Antwerp, town hall at, 2897.
Apodyterium of the Roman baths, 235. Apollo Dindymæus, Ionic temple of, near Miletus, 153.
Apollo Epicurius, temple of, in Arcadia,
Apotheca of a Roman house, 253. Apron-piece in stairs, 2026. Aqueducts, earliest, of Rome, 223. That of Appius Claudius and Aqua Appia, ib. That of Quintus Martius, Aqua Julia, Aqua Tepula, Virginia, Aqua Claudia, ib. Cubic feet of water sup- plied to Rome, ib. That at Metz, ib. Castella in, 225. Venter in, ib. In- jured, 238.
Aqueducts of the Greeks, 174.
Arabian architecture, its appearance after the seventh century, 118. Decline of, 128.
Arabian domestic architecture exemplified in a house at Algiers, 130. Aræostyle Intercolumniation, 2605. 2608, 2609. 2613.
Aranjuez, royal pleasure house of, at, 371. Arc, complement of, 1037. Supplement of, Sine of, 1039. Versed sine of, 1040. Tangent of, 1041. Cosine of, 1042. Cotangent of, 1043. Cosecant of, 1044.
Arcades and arches, 2617, et seq. Arcades. Theory of equality between weights and supports, 2618, 2619. 2626. Tuscan, 2621, 2622. Doric, ib. 2623. Ionic, ib. 2624. Corinthian, ib. 2625. Generally in respect of the theory, 2622. Chambers' law for regulating, 2626. Ratios between the solid and void parts, 2627. Tuscan, with pedestals, 2628. Doric, with pedestals, 2629. Ionic, with pedestals, 2630. Corinthian, with pedes- tals, 2631. Imposts and archivolts of, 2632. Vignola's rules in, 2633. Pal- ladio's rules in, 2634. Columns used in, 2635. Scamozzi's rules in, ib. Their internal decorations, ib. At Massimi palace, ib. Late Mews at Charing Cross, ib. By Serlio, 2636. At Caprarola, 2637. At the Belvedere garden, Rome, 2638. By Palladio, 2639. By Vignola, for Borghese family, at Mondragone, 2640. At Basilica, Vicenza, 2641. Arcades above Arcades, 2653, et seq. Best mode of disposing according to Cham- bers, 2654, et seq. According to Scamozzi, 2655. In the Carità at Venice, ib. and 2656. In Palazzo Thiene, ib. Balus- trades of, 2657. Doric above Tuscan,
Archer, pupil of Vanbrugh, 498. Arches, Arabian, species most employed, 129. At Bussorah, 131. Arches, equilibrium of, history, 1353- 1363. Observations on friction, and me- thods of estimating, 1364—1389. servations on the way in which arch stones support each other, 1990-1397. Geometrical application of foregoing, 1398, 1399. Experiments on sur- mounted arches, 1400. Application of the principles to the pointed arch, 1401. The same to a surmounted catenarean arch, 1402-1406. Application of the principles to surbased arches, 1407. Thrusts of arches: cassinoid, cycloid, and ellipsis, 1408-1412. Raking arches, 1413-1416. Arch with a level extra- dos, 1417-1421. Different application of principles in the last case, 1422. 1431. Arches whose voussoirs increase towards the springing, 1482-1441. Mode in which an arch fails, 1442. Compound vaulting, 1443. Groined vaulting, 1444 -1458. Application of principles of groined vaulting, 1459-1463. Model of a coved vault, principles applied to, 1464-1477. Spherical vaulting, prin- ciples applied to, 1478-1493. Adhesive power of mortar and plaster upon stones and bricks, 1494-1499.
Arches, inverted, in foundations, 1885. Arches, to make working drawings for, and describe moulds of voussoirs, 1959-1966, Elliptical, cutting through a wall ob- liquely to bevels and moulds of, 1967- 1970. In sloping walls, to make working drawings for, 1971, 1972. An abridged method of doing the last, 1973, 1974. Oblique, whereof the front slopes and
rear are perpendicular to the axis, 1976 -1979. Semicircular-headed, in a mass of masonry battering on an oblique plane, 1980-1983. On the quoin of a sloping wall to find the moulds, 1984 -1987. In round towers or circular walls, 1988-1990. Oblique in a round sloping tower intersecting a semicircular arch within it, 1991-1994. Architects of France, attached to Venetian in preference to Roman school, 358. Architectural design, maxims in, 2502. Bounding lines of buildings not sources of beauty considered geometrically, 2503. Architecture, as a fine art, dependent on expression, 2492. Its end, ib. Genius in, what, ib. Taste in, what, ib. Esthe- tics in, 2493. Considered in respect of rules of art, 2494. Fitness in the basis of proportion, 2496-2499. Fitness de- pendent on equilibrium, 2500. Stability, source of fitness in, ib. Maxims relating to fitness, 2502. Bounding lines of buildings, 2503. Interiors of buildings, beauty of, 2504. Types in, 2507. Styles in, all dependent on fitness, 2508. Unity and harmony in, 2509. Symmetry in, ib. Colour in, 2511. Polychromatic, 2512. Decoration of, 2513-2522. Architecture of England from James I. to Anne, 451, et seq. Its character, 451. Deficient in picturesque beauty, 451. Architecture of England said by Walpole to have resumed her rights under George II., 506.
Architecture of England under George I., 499, et seq. Under George II., 506, et Under George III., 514, et seq. Architecture of the Greeks in its decline, 177.
Architecture of Mexico, 109, et seq.
Architecture not a fine art until founded on
rules of proportion, 1.
Architecture not confined to a single type, 1. Architecture, pointed. See "Pointed Ar- chitecture."
Architrave, to form, in joinery, 2196. Archivolts of arcades, 2632. Area given, method of enclosing in any regular polygon, 1518-1524. Arena of an amphitheatre, 228. 230, 231. Arena of the Roman Circus, 240. Argentino theatre at Rome, 2958. Argos, gate and chief tower of, Cyclopean,
Square roots and the irrational numbers that result from them, 583-592. Im- possible or imaginary quantities, 593— 600. Cube roots, and the irrational numbers that result from them, 601- 605. Of powers in general, 606–610. Calculation of powers, 611-616. Roots relatively to powers in general, 617— 620. The representation of powers by fractional exponents, 620-625. Me- thods of calculation, and their mutual connection, 626-631. Logarithms, 632 -638. Logarithmic tables now used, 639-640. Method of expressing loga- rithms, 641-654. The subtraction of compound quantities, 655-658. multiplication of compound quantities, 659-661. The division of compound quantities, 662-666. The resolution of fractions into infinite series, 667-679. The squares of compound quantities, 680-687. Extraction of roots of com- pound quantities, 688-692. Calcu- lation of irrational quantities, 693-698. Of cubes, and the extraction of their roots, 699-701. The higher powers of compound quantities, 702-706. On the transposition of letters, whereon the last rule rests, 707-711. The expres- sion of irrational powers by infinite series, 712-718. Resolution of negative powers, 719-726. Arithmetical ratio, 727-731. Arithmetical proportion, 732 Arithmetical progression, 735 -742. Summation of arithmetical pro- gressions, 743-748. Geometrical ratio, 749-751. Greatest common divisor, 752-753. Geometrical proportion, 754 -762. Compound relations, 763-773. Geometrical progression, 774-782. In- finite decimal fractions, 783-796. culation of interest, 797-810. tion of problems, 811-815. Resolution of simple equations, or of the first de- gree, 816-824. Resolution of two or more equations of the first degree, 825 -832. Resolution of pure quadratic equations, 833-841. Resolution of mixed equations of the second degree, 842-848. Resolution of complete equa- tions of the third degree, 849-860. Decimals, 861-867. Duodecimals, 868 -872. Table of squares, cubes, and roots of numbers up to 1000. Arithmetical progression, 735-742. Sum- mation of, 743-748.
Arithmetical proportion, 732-734. Pro- gression, 735-742.
Arithmetical ratio, 727-731. Armarium of a Roman house, 253. Arriaga, Luigi, a Spanish architect, 368. Arris of a piece of stuff, 2125.
Arroyo Guiseppe, an architect of Spain,
Arts in England have never thoroughly taken root, 437. Flourished while in the hands of the clergy, ib.
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