one. May I not venture to suppose that Dugdale's "Will. Peirpoint, Arm.," is the same person as Pepys's "Mr. Pierpoint"? If this be so, the first part of my question is answered. The second part, however, remains: Where is now the original document printed by Dugdale, or, in other words, where are now the papers of William Pierrepont, M P. of Thoresby?

I crave the indulgence of yourself and of your readers for these very dry and dull details; but, if it is possible to recover the actual document, which may perchance have been in Dean Colet's autograph, even a page of "N. & Q." will not have been wasted. I have searched rather widely already at the British Museum, Lambeth Library, Sion College, Heralds' College, and the Bishop of London's Registry; at Oxford and at Cambridge; at St. Paul's Cathedral, of course; and at other places. Application has been made to Earl Manvers, as the present representative of the Pierrepoint family, but without success. Nor can I find any trace of the lost document in the Reports of the Historical MSS. Commission. But I have set my heart on unearthing it, if that be possible. Dugdale's printed copy abounds with errors, some almost self evident, others latent; and these are not corrected in Sir Henry Ellis's reprint.

W. SPARROW SIMPSON.

MDCCLXXVIII."

"ECCLESIASTICAL GALLANTRY; or, the Mystery Unravelled. A Tale. Dedicated to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, without Permission. Omnia vincit amor et nos cedamus amori.'-Virgil. London printed by the Author. : 4to., with a frontispiece representing the incident upon which the poem is based. The names of the parties are not given, but from the notes we learn that they were "the Curate of St. Ann, Westminster, and the Rector, Dr. H-d"; further, that the matter is " now before the Judge of the Ecclesiastical Court, and the proceedings, when finished, will be made public." I should be obliged by a reference to this trial, and the full names of the

persons concerned.

APIS.

JOHN NEVIL, OF TAMWORTH.-I shall be much obliged for information respecting him. He was living about 1774. Was he connected with the Nevills of Raby? INQUIRER.

JOHN THOMSON, OF HUSBORNE - CRAWLEY, BERKS.-This village church, one seldom visited

66

by tourists, contains a handsome monument to the memory of a John Thomson and Dorothea his wife. The Latin inscription is to the effect that he was one of the auditors of the Court of the Queen's Majesty," obiit 1597. I fail to discover any account of this gentleman in general or county histories. J. R. S. C.

"THE SCOTTISH GALLERY."-I have in my possession a copy of The Scottish Gallery, 1799, containing fifty-two portraits, Bruce to Maclaurin. "Should In the introduction Mr. Pinkerton says, encouragement arise, another volume of this size might contain the most curious of the remaining. portraits." Was a second volume ever published? D. C. N.

ST. STEPHEN.-The Hon. F. Walpole, speaking of antiquities and relics at Damascus, says :-

"The street called Straight may be authentic; but other places, such as...the site of St. Stephen's martyrdom, &c., are very hypothetical.”—The Ânsayriï, vol. i. p. 127. Perhaps some of your readers may know of another authority for the existence of this tradition at Damascus. F. B. Z.

ST. PETER'S WIFE: ST. PAUL'S SISTER.-Bosio, writing of the Basilica of St. Petronilla Tor Marancia, Rome, says, "We know from Clement of Alexandria, Chrysostom, and Nicephorus that Peter had a wife who became a martyr." Where can I find the passages referred to? Are there any further traditions concerning Peter's wife, or any about Paul's sister or her son, and where?

GREYSTEIL.

MISAPPLICATION OF THE LETTER H.-I was struck by the remarks in "N. & Q." concerning the reversal of the v and w as Cockney peculiarities, and I should be glad to receive from some of your readers information as to when the misapplication of the letter h-now so characteristic of the uneducated people in this country, more especially in Lancashire, such as hegg and happle for egg and apple, ouse for house, and hactor for actor-is first noted in the humorous literature of the day. I do not remember it at all in Fielding or Smollett, and my impression is that its introduction in comic characters has only been very frequent E. M. W. within the last forty years or so.

ULSTER DIALECT: "INNS" FOR "INN."-In parts of the county of Down the word inns was used for an inn, e.g. "I put up at the heed inns." W. H. P. Is this form used elsewhere?

CHURCH WINDOW.-The following is an extract from a somewhat illegible manuscript, written about 1819, and giving a description of a certair parish church in Devon:-

"Many of the windows contained some painted glass till very lately; some of it is still remaining, and consists

of small wheels or mariner's compasses. There was formerly the figure of a Norman (? woman) standing on a wheel or mariner's compass, but since the new invention of kaleidoscopes it has disappeared (!).

"In the south wall is a hollow place with stairs to go up in the middle of the wall, supposed to the Rood loft, but it is now stopped up; on the outside is a small hole cut in the middle of a small piece of freestone, as if to hand something in to a person inside of the wall." Can any one tell me the subject of this window, and the use made of the hole cut through the wall?

T. A. S. S.

THE NORMAN CROSS HOSPITAL.-Where was the Norman Cross Hospital? It was used, I believe, for French prisoners. Was it in Norfolk ? W. A. L.

OWEN, OF WOODHOUSE, SHROPSHIRE.-(The late) William Mostyn Owen, of Woodhouse, is stated, in Burke's Landed Gentry (ed. 1871), to have married and had issue. Whom did he marry, when, and what issue had he?

MYLTON, OF HALSTON, SHROPSHIRE.-Did the son of the celebrated Jack Mylton marry? and, if so, did he leave any issue, or is that branch of the old family extinct? ECLECTIC.

OLIVER CROMWELL, JUN.-Have not the date and manner of death of Oliver Cromwell, the son of Oliver, afterwards Lord Protector, been discovered within the last few years? I am under the impression that they have, but can find no memorandum among my notes. I am aware of the passage relating thereto in the Squire papers, printed in Mr. Carlyle's Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell, but I do not accept the evidence there given as trustworthy.

ANON.

WILLIAM HOGARTH.-What were the names of his two sisters? When were they born? They were alive when their father, Richard Hogarth, died, in 1721. Did they marry? if so, whom? Whom did Richard Hogarth marry? Who was his mother? What was his father's Christian name? When was the name written and pronounced Hogart? E. T. M. W.

“MR. JULIENNE AT PARIS."-These words, in print, are on the back of an old picture engraved in Crozat's Cabinet. They apparently are part of the description of the picture from an auctioneer's catalogue. Is anything known about Mr. Julienne, dealer or collector?

Claughton, Cheshire.

EDW. QUAILE.

MADAME DE POMPADOUR: ARMORIAL CHINA. -I recently purchased a coffee cup with the following arms thereon, namely, Azure, two fishes or, and have been told that the service formerly belonged to the celebrated Madame de Pompadour. I have never heard of another specimen of a cup, but some plates which were sold at fabulous

I do not assert positively that MR. SKEAT is wrong in maintaining that "beef-eater" means an eater of beef, to whomsoever applied, and never meant anything else. I think, however, that he has hardly widened his range of observation sufficiently to take in the whole bearings of the question. I propose to extend the inquiry a little further, and to see what can be made of it.

In the early middle ages the indication of a drinking-shop (not a tavern which provided lodgings) was a branch or bush suspended over

the door. This was called in French ramon, or bouffel. In the Chartul. Corb., fol. 5, it is enacted:

"Nulz ne peult mettre ou pendre quelque bouffaulx sans le congié du Prevost." The licence enseigne ou aucune chose, comme ramons et to do this involved a tax called bufetagium. landlord was called bufetarius, French buffetier; and the house by contraction became the buffet.

The

By a natural metonymy the meaning of the word extended itself in several directions,-to the table or sideboard on which the preparations for eating and drinking were displayed, to the room in which the repast was held, and to any place where people were congregated. Thus, A.D. 1368, we find in a chartulary:-"Seront au buffet de la

halle deux clers sermentez à pension; lesquelz soigneront des registres fere," &c.

The accusations of adulterating wine and liquor have been rife in every age, so that the verb buffeter acquired the meaning of adulteration or watering, and buffeteur the person who practised it. Thus in Rabelais we read (liv. iii. ch. 49):"Si vos chartiers et nautonniers amenans pour la provision de vos maisons certain nombre de tonneaux de vin... les avoient buffetez et beus à demi, le reste emplissans d'eau comment en osteriez-vous l'eau entierement?

Buffetier, therefore, was not an unknown word in the olden time, and was applied originally to the keeper of a wine-shop. Ducange says, sub voc. "Bufetarius, tabernarius, caupo Hisp. bufiador, nostris buffetier, qui vinum de buffet nuncupatum

vendebat."

MR. SKEAT says, "Littré and Cotgrave know nothing about a Fr. buffetier, which I hold to be a mere myth." This is not exactly the fact. Littré has, "Buvetier, celui qui tient la buvette." This undoubtedly has a different etymology, but it means the same thing-the keeper of a wine-shop. He also gives buffeteur in the sense of a wine adulterater. Cotgrave has buffeteur in the same sense, and "Buvetier, a certain officer that gathers money for the judges' collations"; more likely the collector of the wine-licence tax.

Here we are short of a link in the inquiry. I cannot find any French evidence that the domestics who served at the buffet, or sideboard, were ever called buffetiers. The next step is to ascertain if they were ever so called in England.

In the fourteenth edition of Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (1873), edited by Mr. B. Vincent, we find, under the head of "Yeomen of the Guard," "A peculiar body of foot guards to the king's person, instituted at the coronation of Henry VII., 30th Oct., 1485, which originally consisted of fifty men under a captain. They were called beefeaters, a corruption of buffetiers, being attendants on the king's buffet, or sideboard." He gives other particulars, and refers to Elias Ashmole's collections, which are not at present within my reach. This is not so satisfactory as could be desired, as there is no contemporary evidence produced.

Max Müller, in his reference to the word (Lectures, Second Series, p. 533), quotes Trench's English, Past and Present, p. 221. In my edition of Trench there is no p. 221, and I cannot find in the book any reference to buffetier or beef-eater.

In the absence of any contemporary evidence, I fear the identification of the two words will have to be abandoned, and the jolly Englishmen who wear the picturesque garb must be termed beefeaters on their own account. J. A. PICTON. Sandyknowe, Wavertree.

The common explanation of beef-eater, as signifying an attendant or guardian of the beaufet, has, I

think, a good deal more plausibility than MR. SKEAT is willing to allow. It is not from waiting at table (if that ever was the duty of the Yeomen of the Guard) that I should explain the term, nor would the Fr. buffetier, or the corresponding E. beaufeter, be a very obvious designation of the officers performing such a service. The name of beef-eater, as far as I know, is distinctively applied to the yeomen on duty at the Tower, whose most prominent duty was the custody of the crown jewels and coronation plate. Now, Fr. buffet is explained by Cotgrave “a court cupboard, or high standing cupboard, also a cupboard of plate; (hence) also, as much plate as will furnish a cupboard"; and Littré renders it, "assortiment de vaisselle"; "a spacious beaufet, filled with gold and silver vessels" (Prescott). The beauffet, then (the form the word took in English), would signify the collection of the royal plate, and the name of beaufeters might well have been given to its guardians, although there was no corresponding formation in Fr. And here, as none of the dictionaries give any quotations, I would ask whether any one can contribute any information as to the history of the name. MR. SKEAT may observe that his own explanation also requires the support of authority. He supposes that the name of beefeater was given to these officers as signifying "a jolly yeoman." But can he show that the term was ever used in such an acceptation? and if it was, why should it constitute an appropriate designation of the Yeomen of the Guard? Is he not unconsciously biassed by the burly look given them by their Henry VIII. costume?

H. WEDGWOOD.

HOLLES v. IRETON (5th S. vi. 493, 541.)-That there was a personal quarrel between Denzill Holles and Ireton on April 2, 1647, and that this quarrel had considerable influence on the struggle between the Presbyterians and the Independents, is pretty certain. Perhaps the best and most distinct account of it is that given by Ludlow, in his Memoirs, "Vivay," 1698, vol. i. p. 244 :—

"One day Commissary General Ireton speaking something concerning the secluded members, Mr. Hollis thinking it to be injurious to them, passing by him in the House, whispered him in the ear, telling him it was false, and he would justify it to be so if he would follow with the other following him. him, and thereupon immediately went out of the House, Some members who had observed their passionate carriage to each other, and

seen them hastily leaving the House, acquainted the Parliament with their Apprehensions; Whereupon they sent their Serjeant at Arms to command their attendance, which he letting them understand as they were taking boat to go to the other side of the water, they returned; and the House taking notice of what they were informed concerning them, enjoined them to forbear all words or actions of enmity towards each other, and to carry themselves for the future as Fellow-members of the same Body, which they promised to do."

Carte (History of England, vol. iv. p. 558, 1755) states that the quarrel was hushed up by desire of the House, on April 2, 1647. (See Journal of that date.) I do not see any grounds for saying that the story is improbable because Holles would not dare to insult Ireton. On the contrary, remembering how he forcibly held the Speaker in his chair, and swore a great oath that he should sit there as long as the House pleased, in 1629,-and, again, how in 1641 he who had, only a month before, been accused of high treason by the king, was selected by the House to carry up a remonstrance to the Lords, which he did, and then dared them not to act in concert with the Lower House (Clarendon, History, 1704, vol. i. p. 324),—and bearing in mind that he was a man of high personal courage, reckless, and obstinate, we may well believe that he was quite capable of doing what it is said he did. Ludlow's account clearly shows that Holles took offence at Ireton's words, went and gave him the lie in the House, and called upon him to fight; that passionate words and gestures passed between them; that they went away to fight, were recalled, and desired to keep the peace. It is surely very probable that, when Holles gave him the lie and desired him to retract his words, or come out and give him satisfaction, he replied that he would do neither; and that to this Holles replied that he must do the one or the other, or he would publicly brand him as a liar and a coward.

It is pretty certain that Holles did not pull Ireton's nose in the House, that is, commit an assault upon him; but it is highly probable that he used words and gestures so significant that no gentleman could submit to them. In the end Ireton did swallow the affront; but the error lies with those who have imagined that he did so from cowardice, and not, as it evidently was, in obedience to the distinct desire of Parliament. It must be remembered, too, that Ireton was not in very high estimation in the House at that time, in consequence of his conduct about the Officers' Petition (Waller's Vindication, p. 59). There is, I think, reason to imagine that the members who interfered to prevent the duel were friends of Ireton and not of Holles. In Hutchinson's Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 149, it is stated that "when Holles challenged Ireton, even in the House, one who sat neare them over heard the wicked whisper, and prevented the execution of it." Godwin, in his History of the

Commonwealth, vol. ii. p. 283, deems Clarendon's account wholly wrong, because of Ludlow's statement that Ireton was willing to fight. I do not see that the two accounts are so wholly inconsistent, for it is quite possible that in the first instance he flatly refused to meet Holles, and may have given what he considered very good reasons. though he did afterwards consent to follow him when further taunts or insults were added to “the lie direct." He would not fight on a mere question of political opinion, but he was quite ready to do so on one of personal insult. EDWARD SOLLY.

Sutton, Surrey.

BOOKS ON SPECIAL SUBJECTS (5th S. vi. 181. 296, 323, 358.)-BIB. CUR. concludes a list of books on caricatures by referring to the Catalogue of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum: Satires, vols. i. and ii. Your learned correspondent comments on those volumes, p. 182. "These have been prepared, under the direction of Mr. Reid, Keeper of the Prints, by Mr. Stephens." In justice to one of the most acute illustrators of satirical design, allow me to supply an important omission in this statement. To do so fairly, I may sketch the history of the Catalogue, and state that the term "catalogue gives no true idea of the task which has occupied a large portion of the last eight years of my life, and much more of the time of a distinguished student. The volumes referred to, and a third soon to be at the service of BIB. CUR., contain exhaustive elucidations of about 3,500 designs, dealing with all sorts of persons and events until the year 1760. I am instructed to prepare the fourth volume, and extend the work to a later date.

The history of this matter is as follows. The late Mr. Edward Hawkins, F.R.S., Keeper of the Antiquities, devoted during about forty years all his available time, a considerable sum of money. and much learning, to collecting English satirical prints and books; likewise to explaining the former class of works, of which the very dates were often questionable and their allusions forgotten. In addition, he prepared a manuscript catalogue, a prodigious opus. The Hawkins satires are very numerous, and the value of the collector's descriptions and elucidations is unquestionable. On the death of Mr. Hawkins, the Trustees bought his prints and his catalogue; the books were, I regret to say, dispersed. The purchase, added to previous and later acquisitions, is by far the largest and richest collection of the sort. It is not surpassed by the great gathering of satires relating to the Low Countries formed by M. Müller, of Amsterdam, and which he illustrated in a valuable catalogue. I believe the French collections, large as they are, do not approach the English or the Dutch series.