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one of the Scotch Judges, a man to whom he owed many obligations, was the Author. Immediately on hearing of this infamous conduct, so unbecoming, however, the character and spirit of a gentleman, Dr Anderson went to the magistrates, and gave up Callander's name as the Author.

About the year 1797, Dr Anderson removed to the vicinity of London, where he cultivated the acquaintance of many eminent characters; and, among the rest, the late Marquis of Lansdown paid much attention to him. At the request of his friends, he again took up his pen, in a periodical work, intituled, "Recreations in Agriculture;" the first number of which appeared in April 1799. The greatest part of this work was composed by himself, except what was enriched by correspondence from abroad, and a very few contributions from his friends at home. The same difficulties, however, occurring as in the case of his "Bee," with respect to the mode of publication, he pursued this work no longer than the sixth volume, March 1802.

From this time, except in the publication of his correspondence with General Washington, and a pamphlet on Scarcity, he devoted himself almost entirely to the relaxation of a quiet life, and particularly the cultivation of his garden, which was now become the miniature of all his past labours. For some time past, his health and powers suffered a very sensible decline. He died October 15th, 1808, aged 69.

He was twice married. First, in 1768, to Miss Seton of Mounie, an amiable and accomplished woman, by whom he had 13 children. She died in 1788. Secondly, to a lady of Isleworth, in 1801, who survived him.Of his numerous family only five sons and a daughter, Mrs Outram, the widow of Mr Benjamin Outram, are alive.

In his younger days, Dr Anderson

was remarkably handsome in his person, of middle stature, and robust make. Extremely moderate in his living, the country exercise animated his cheek with the glow of health; but the overstrained exertion of his mental powers afterwards shook his constitution, ultimately wasted his faculties, and hurried him into old age. He was a man of an independent mind; and in the relative duties of husband and father, exhibited a prudential care, mixed with affection, from which he had every reason to have expected the happiest results, had Providence spared the whole of his family. In those who remain, it is not too much to say, that his integrity and talents have been acknowledged by all who know them. One of his sons, who lately died, is remembered by the connoisseurs, as having brought the beautiful art of wood-engraving to great perfection.

Of Dr Anderson's abilities, his works exhibit so many proofs, that they may be appealed to with perfect confidence. Although a voluminous writer, there is no subject connected with his favourite pursuit, on which he has not thrown new light. But his knowledge was not confined to one science. He exhibited, to give only one instance, a very strong proof of powers of research, when in 1773, he published, in the first edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, an article under the head Monsoon. In this, he clearly predicted the result of Capt. Cook's First Voyage; namely, that there did not exist, nor ever would be found, any continent, or large island, in the southern hemisphere near the tropicks, excepting new Holland alone; and this was completely verifed on Captain Cook's return, seven months afterwards.

In his style, Dr Anderson was abundantly copious, and sometimes, perhaps, inclined to the prolix; but, on perusing his longest works, it will be found difficult to omit any thing,

without

1779. An Enquiry into the Causes that have hitherto retarded the Advancement of Agriculture in Europe; with Hints for removing the Circumstances that have chiefly obstructed its Progress. A tract. Elliott, 4to.

without a visible injury to his train of to the new Corn Bill proposed for reasoning, which was always conspi- Scotland. A tract. 8vo. cuous and guarded. In conversation, 1777. Essays relating to Agriculas well as in writing, he had the ture and Rural Affairs. 8vo. Fifth happy faculty of not only entering edition in 1800, 3 vols. with spirit and zeal on any favourite subject, but of rendering it so intelligible, as to command attention in those to whom it might be of less importance, and convey instruction to those who sought it. His manners were gentleman-like, free, and uncon. strained; and, in the social circle, had a dash of pleasantry, from the many anecdotes he had stored up in his travels and long experience; and with respect to the principal object of his attention, he had the happiness to sce agriculture, in all its branches, become the favourite study of his country, and a leading pursuit with the most opulent and distinguished characters in Great Britain and Ireland. The following is a very correct list

of his works:

Books written and published by DR

ANDERSON. N. B. Those marked * are out of print.

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In the year 1776. A Practical Treatise on Chimneys; containing full Directions for constructing them in all cases, so as to draw well, and for removing Smoke in Houses. 12mo. London. Third edition published in 1783. N. B. In this little Treatise was first explained the principle on which the patent Bath stove was afterwards constructed.

* 1776. Free Thoughts on the American Contest, a tract. Edin. 8vo. * 1777. Miscellaneous Observations on Planting and Training Timber-trees, by Agricola. Edinburgh. Svo. first printed in the Edinburgh Weekly Amusement in 1771, and supposed to be his earliest production.

1777. Observations on the Means of exciting a Spirit of National Industry. Edin. 4to.

* 1777. An Enquiry into the Nature of the Corn Laws, with a View

* 1782. The Interest of Great Britain, with regard to her American Colonies, considered. Cadell, 8vo.

* 1783. The true interest of Great Britain considered; or a Proposal for establishing the Northern British Fisheries. 12mo.

* 1785. An Account of the present State of the Hebrides and Western Coasts of Scotland; being the Substance of a Report to the Lords of the Treasury. Edin. 8vo.

* 1789. Observations on Slavery;

particularly with a View to its Effects

on the British Colonies in the West Indies. Manchester, 4to.

* 1790. Papers drawn up by him and Sir John Sinclair, in reference to a Report of a Committee of the Highland Society on Shetland Wool. 8vo. Creech, &c.

1791 to 1794. The Bee; consisting of Essays, Philosophical, Philological, and Miscellaneous. 18 vols. Edin. 8vo.

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the County of Aberdeen; with Observations on the Means of its Improvement. Chiefly drawn up for the Board of Agriculture; in two Parts. 8vo. Edin.

1794. An Account of the different Kinds of Sheep found in the Russian Dominions, &c. By Dr Pallas; with five Appendixes, by Dr Anderson. 8vo. Edin.

* 1795. On an Universal Character. In two Letters to Edward Home, Esq. A tract. Edin, 8vo.

1797. A Practical Treatise on Draining Bogs and Swampy Grounds; with Cursory Remarks on the Originality of Elkington's Mode of Draining. Robinsons. Svo.

1799 to 1802. Recreations in Agriculture, Natural History, and Miscellaneous Literature. 6 vols. Svo. Longman, &c.

1800. Selections from his own Cor

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respondence with General Washing- Edinburgh-University-Register Of

ton. A tract. 8vo. London.

1801. A calm Investigation of the Circumstances that have led to the present Scarcity of Grain in Britain; suggesting the Means of alleviating that Evil, and of preventing the Recurrence of such a Calamity in future. A tract. 8vo. London.

1803. A Description of a Patent Hot-house, which operates chiefly by the Heat of the Sun; and other Sub. jects. London. Svo.

The following are also of his composition:

An Account of the ancient Monuments and Fortifications in the Highlands of Scotland; read in the Society of Antiquaries, 1777 and 1780.

On the Antiquity of Woollen Manufactures of England. Gent. Mag. Aug. 1778; and other papers in that work.

A Letter to J. Burnett, Esq. on the present State of Aberdeenshire, in regard to provisions, 1783.

A Letter to Henry Laurens, Esq. during his Confinement in the Tower. Public Advertiser, Dec. 6. 1781.

fice-St Giles's-Roman HeadsTheatre-Dulse-Cleanliness.

SIR JOHN CARR is in raptures about

Edinburgh. It is a city peculiarly "novel and romantic,"" grand and impressive,"-" sublime and extraordinary." It is not unlike ancient Athens: the castle resembles the acropolis; Arthur's Seat, Mons Hymettus, (not certainly as producing honey;) and Leith, the pyræeus. The prospect from Queen Street " surpasses the view from Richmond Hill." To hear all this praise from so farfamed a traveller as Sir John Carr, must be very gratifying to the inhabitants of Auld Reikie.

Sir John describes and characterizes all the principal public buildings. The Royal Infirmary receives great praise: but the Surgeons, instead of attending three years as assistants, three as full surgeons, and three more as consulting surgeons, should, he thinks, be six years in each of those departments; and this is perhaps one of the soundest opinions to be found in the book. The new University buildings

are

66

are sarcastically treated. Contrary to the practice of most tourists, who generally express a hope," at least, that these buildings will " one day be finished;" the Knight puts on a woful countenance, and pathetically remarks, that "when tinted by the mellowing hand of time, they will afford the melancholy but picturesque effect of a mighty ruin."The exterior of the Register Office is admired: but the plain bound volumes of records within, should, he declares, be concealed by green silk and brass lattice-work; for at present they "accord with the noble appearance of the room, just as well as the hat of a mendicant would become a Knight of the Bath in his full robes."

Concerning St Giles's, he justly remarks, that" this venerable pile has not participated in that laudable spirit of improvement which so strongly prevails in Edinburgh. It is sadly disfigured by the petty buildings which are placed against it, and seem to adhere to it like barnacles to a ship's bottom. Were it relieved from such unworthy associates, it would be a grand and august ornament of the city." It may be added, that if the street next to the north side-wall of the Cathedral were levelled down, so as to be no higher than the opposite pavement, several feet would be added to the apparent height of the wall; and that this would greatly improve the effect of the whole,-a deficiency in height being the only objection to the appearance of this ancient fabric. In proceeding down the High Street to the Palace of Holyroodhouse, our author saw John Knox the reformer's house, and "opposite to it, in a front wall, two very fine heads in alto relievo, supposed to be of Roman sculpture, and likenesses of Severus and his consort Julia. There is (he adds) the following ancient inscription under them, supposed to have been placed there by a baker, over whose shop they once were:

"In sudore vultus tui vesceris panem." I was at a loss what to think of this blundering inscription. I was aware that it would be unreasonable to expecs patavinity from a baker; but I was likewise certain that no person who had ever been at the Edinburgh grammar school, (where, Sir John Carr acknowledges," the Latin language is taught in great purity,") could have committed so glaring an error in syntax as is here alleged against this member of the ancient fraternity of Edinburgh baxters. It luckily occurred to me, that it would be proper, in the first place, to examine the original; and on repairing to the spot, I was not a little surprised and gratified to find the inscription perfectly correct, viz. "In sudore vultus tui vesceris pane;" and that the Scotch baker thus proved himself to have been a better Latin scholar than Sir John Carr, knight.

In treating of Edinburgh theatricals, Sir John observes, " During my stay here, The Man of the World was performed to crowded houses.This circumstance may be considered as exhibiting a new trait in the character of the Scotch. Many of those speeches of Sir Pertinax, under the lash of which every Scotchman formerly writhed, now excite only laughter and applause." Whether, by this manner of expression, the author means to except some of Sir Pertinax's speeches, I know not: but the following speech was never, I believe, pronounced on the Edinburgh stage, without some expression of dissatisfaction in the audience: "Weel! guin I had a thoosand sons, I never would suffer yean of your English university bred fellows, till be aboot a son of mine again; they ha sic saucy English notions of leeberty, continually fermenting in their thoughts, that a man is never sure o' yean of them." In the last two or three representations of this comedy, therefore, Mr Cooke dropped that sentiment from his part.

I hope, however, he will have the courage to resume it, whenever he again treads the Scottish boards. We in the north, need and deserve some occasional admonitions about liberty: --we certainly do not possess that constant and high sense of the liberty of the subject on which an Englishman justly prides himself, else the sarcasms of Macklin would never twitch our hearts. In passing, I may remark, that while Mr Cook's imitation of the Scottish tongue is admirable, (and his whole performance of Macsycophant is doubtless a masterpiece,) it seems strange that he should not yet have become acquainted with the Scottish pronunciation of the word levee, which is so often in the mouth of the obsequious courtier. In Scotland, the accent is thrown upon the second syllable we say levée, not lévez. The Scottish drawl of levée, from the lips of Cooke, would have a happy effect.

:

In the course of reviewing our markets, Sir John Carr favours his English and Irish readers with a curious account of the dulse of Scotland. “A sea-weed called dulse, (he says,) which grows on the rocks on the coast near Edinburgh, and which is used by the farmers for manure, without undergoing the least preparation, is much eaten and relished by the poor people, to whom a large handful is sold for a penny." Dulse is so favourite a Scottish whet, that its etymology has been sought in the Latin dulcis. But Sir John Carr has now discovered that it is a sort of manure; a very peculiar sort, no doubt, that is much eaten and relished by the poor people even of Scotland! Dr Johnson's celebrated definition of oats, ("a grain given to horses in England, but which, in Scotland, supports the people,") is not half so intolerable as this. The Highlanders have their "scattan, agus braddan, agus puntaat," (herring, and trout, and potatoes;) but the lowlanders of Edinburgh, according to our Knight, devour with relish a sort

of manure! It is scarcely necessary to explain Sir John's mistake: Drift ware, or the larger sea-weeds in general, cast ashore by the winter storms, and collected in cart-loads, is employed as manure; but dulse is a particular small species, (Fucus palmatus,) too insignificant and too rare to be gathered for that purpose. It seems astonishing that it did not occur to Sir John, that if a handful were sold for a penny, the load of a dung-cart would be worth perhaps ten guineas, and that this would be rather expensive even as a top-dressing! That sea-weed should be laid on the field," without the least preparation," excites the wonder of the Knight, and seems, by him, to be considered as a mark of inferiority in Scottish agriculture. Had he been at the pains to make inquiry, he would have discovered, that rotted sea-weed has been found, by long experience, much less efficacious in promoting fertility than what is reccnt. How a traveller like Sir John Carr should have fallen into the egregious mistake of extolling English agriculture above Scottish, seems unaccountable. In whatever our inferiority may consist, our husbandry certainly excels that of the South.

Sir John's partiality for the ancient capital of Caledonia leads him much to over-rate its cleanliness. The "police (he says) having turned its attention to a subject of so much consequence, has succeeded in doing all that the construction of the houses in this part of the city will admit." We never heard of this praiseworthy reformation till we read it in the Caledonian Sketches. The truth is, that so little has been done, especially by the "police" properly so called, that it is not worth mentioning. What will Sir John think when he is told, that there is not, in the old town, on an average, one temple of Cloacina for every hundred votaries! and that a single forica, not far from St Giles's, is daily frequented by from 800 to

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