self (in nom.); he, she, it (in oblique cases). 5. ὁ αὐτὸς, ἡ αὐτὴ, τὸ αὐτὸ, the same, lit. the self-same] Acc. τούτους ταύτας The rest are declined like ôç, îì, ô, p. 23. ταῦτα EXERCISES. THE ARTICLE. RULE 1.-The adjective and article agree with their substantive in gender, number, and case; as, RULE 2. When two nouns * (p. 3.) in the same case are found in the same clause with a verb, translate the noun that has the article first.f This will be the thing spoken of in the sentence, and is called the subject. The other will be the thing said of it, and is called the predicate; as, ὁ ἄνθρωπος θνητός ἐστιν, man is mortal. SIMPLE SUBSTANTIVES. FIRST DECLENSION. EXERCISE I. ὦ νεανία.— ὦ νομοθέτα.—τοῖν ἀκροαταῖν.— τῷ Σκύθη τοῖν σκώπταιν (dat.).—τοῦ τοξότου.— τοὺς κριτάς.-οἱ ταμίαι. – στρατιώτης. — τῶν ναυτῶν.— ληστῇ.— οἱ μαθηταί. τοῖν δεσπόταιν.—τὸν σαλπιγκτήν.—τοῖς θεαταῖς.—του Αΐδου (or -a). —ὁ χάρτης.— ὦ σοφιστά.- σκώπτης ἐστὶν ὁ νεανίας. · *N.B.-The term "noun " includes both substantives and adjectives. † Except when they form part of the same expression, the one qualifying the other; as, EXERCISE II. The soldier (acc.).- O owl!- Papers.-Of-the two robbers. O sophists! The two-trumpeters.-To Pluto.Hearers. Of the spectators.-To-the two-lawgivers.-Fromthe master. -To-the disciples. The purchasers. -To-a sailor. Two-rowers.- An-areher. The two-jesters.-O [ye] two-prophets of-the Scythians.-To-a-young-man.The hearersare Scythians. The owl is a-robber. The robber is an-owl. SECOND DECLENSION. RULE 3.-When two substantives signifying two different things come together, the latter is placed in the genitive case; as, ἡ φιλία τῶν ἀνθρώπων or, ἡ τῶν ἀνθρώπων φιλία Γ the friendship of men. RULE 4.—When two substantives referring to the same thing come together, the latter is put in the same case as the former; as, Κῦρος, ὁ τῶν Περσῶν βασιλεὺς, | Cyrus, the king of the Per οὐκ ἦν αὑτὸς ὃς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπ' Αρταξέρξην, τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ. sians, was not the same (Cyrus) who marched-anarmy against Artaxerxes, his brother. EXERCISE III. (1.) Like povoa, μεριμνῶν θαλάσσῃ. — παῦλαν τῆς χαλάζης.— ἡ ῥίζα τῆς γλώσσης.— ἡ δίψα τῆς θεραπαίνης.— μέριμναι, αἱ ἄκανθαι τῆς παύλης. EXERCISE IV. O contests of-the tongue !-The thirstiness of-the bees.O care [thou] thorn!-The stings of-care, the viper.-In the pauses of-the tempest a-hailstorm.- Rest (acc.) from storms. EXERCISE V. (2.) Like φιλία. η άγνοια τῶν ἀγυιῶν.— τὴν φρουρὰν τῆς γεφύρας. ἐν δου λείᾳ, τῇ τῆς ἀθυμίας αἰτίᾳ.— θαυμάζω τὴν ἀνδρείαν τῆς στρατιᾶς.— τὴν τῆς στοᾶς σκιάν.— ἡ σοφία τῆς ἐκκλησίας, ἡμέρας σοφία ἐστί. EXERCISE VI. - For-the two-bridges of-the street. O ignorance and folly of the generations of-the earth! — In the slavery oftwo (δυοῖν) generations. On (ἐν) the bravery (dat.) ofthose (τῶν *) in the garrison depends (ἐστὶν) the happiness of-those without. The training of-the sword is an-assistance to-those (τοῖς) in poverty. EXERCISE VII. (3.) Like τιμή. ἐν τῇ εἰρήνῃ τῆς γῆς.—τὴν τῆς τύχης ὀργήν.—αἱ τῆς πλάνης νέφελαι. — τὰς τῆς ἀκοῆς ἡδονάς. — ὦ ἡδονὴ νίκης. — ταῖς τῆς ψύχης λύπαις. — ταῖν τῆς νύμφης ὠλέναιν.— τὴν ἑορτὴν τῆς σελήνης.— ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς πύλη. EXERCISE VIII. By-the pleasures of-peace.-O bride of-Fortune!-Where is the virtue and justice of the earth ?-The passions (acc.) of-the soul.-Of-the pleasures of-the feast.-[There] is pain in the head, and in the ears. THIRD DECLENSION. RULE 5.-A personal verb agrees with its nominative case in number and person; as, ὁ παῖς καθεύδει, the child sleeps. Exception. But if the nominative case be a neuter plural (of things inanimate) the verb will be singular; as, * The article in conjunction with an adverb or a participle is often equivalent to the demonstrative pronoun (p. 24.) in English. |