imitation of the above. The best works on these coins are Simon's Essay on Irish Coins, with Mr. Snelling's Supplement, Dublin, 1810, and John Lindsay's View of the Coinage of Ireland, Cork, 1839, the latter far superior to the former.

B. W. ADAMS, D.D.

writer-being-engaged-at-the-moment is a fact," &c., here the first part of the sentence is nominative or subject of the verb "is," as it would be in Greek, τό τὸν κριτικὸν πραγματευέσθαι φανερόν ἐστι. "The writer's being engaged," &c., might be a more correct construction, but the other also, These Hiberno-Danish coins are neither uncomI think, is idiomatic. Indeed, MR. THOMPSON mon nor expensive, not being much prized by colhimself uses a sentence which, though quite lectors. Messrs. Lincoln & Son, Oxford Street, idiomatic, is not quite grammatically correct. London, or any coin dealer, most likely have them When he says, "The general's landing ten thou- for sale; the majority of them are only worth old sand men in one day awed the island," he makes silver, as their legends are so imperfect as to make the substantive "landing," corresponding to the it a matter of extreme difficulty to appropriate them. Old English verbal substantives in -ung (Morris, Besides the coins already mentioned there were Accidence, § 291), take after it "ten thousand in circulation Bracteate coins, very thin, and men "in the objective or accusative case, as though struck only on one side. These coins are supposed it were the pres. participle of " to land." Strictly to have been issued by Irish sovereigns previous he should have said "the landing of ten thousand to and along with the Hiberno-Danish series. men." In the Auth. Ver. we find both constructions. Compare, "Forget not the Lord thy God, in not keeping his commandments" (Deut. viii. 11), beside, "In keeping of them there is great reward" (Ps. xix. 11). See also the Collect for the Eleventh Sunday after Trinity. "The exercising these tendencies," &c. (Dean Alford, Sermons in Quebec Chapel, p. 185). The fact is the verbal substantive seems to retain sufficient of the transitive force of the verb to govern another substantive in the accusative. In Plautus tactio, a touching, frequently governs an accusative; e. g., "Quid tibi nos tactio est ?" (Aul., iii. 2, 1. 9), What business have you touching us? "Quid tibi hanc digito tactio est ?" (Poen., v. 5, 1. 29). And so in Vedic Sanskrit, as Mr. Ferrar notes, many nouns, following the analogy of the verb, are construed with the accusative (Comparative Grammar, vol. i. p. 198).

Lower Norwood, S. E.

A. SMYTHE PALMER.

COLLECTIONS OF METAPHORS, &c. (5th S. vii. 289.)-Does R. P. know the following?" Flowers of Fancy, Exhibited in a Collection of Similes taken from Various Authors and Alphabetically Arranged by Henry Schultes. London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green. 1829." It is an elegantly printed 8vo. volume, with an engraved title-page, having, besides the title and imprint, an allegorical vignette more appropriate than artistic. H. BUXTON FORMAN.

R. P.'s question is rather too large a one to be answered in "N. & Q." If, however, R. P. will send me his name and address I may perhaps be able to help him, as I have been for many years compiling such a book as he wants.

Chigwell.

JOHN CHURCHILL SIKES.

DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH MALE AND FEMALE CHRISTIAN NAMES (5th S. vii. 267.)-MR. WARREN will probably find what he requires in Miss Charlotte M. Yonge's History of Christian Names, 3 vols., 8vo. K. P. D. E.

See a very good list, with the etymologies, in Camden's Remains, edit. 1870, John Russell Smith, Soho Square, London. "Edward" and "Henry" are both in the list. The price of the book is, I think, 3s. 6d. FREDK. RULE.

Ashford.

Appended to Riddle's Eng.-Lat. Dictionary is a list of Christian names with their significations, from which the following is taken :- "Edward, Sax. (happy keeper). Henry, Germ. (rich lord)." H. STUBBS. Danby, Ballyshannon.

See Ainsworth's Latin Dictionary, edited by
Thomas Morell, D.D., 1796, vol. ii., towards the
end.
R. M. SPENCE, M.A.

Manse of Arbuthnott, N.B.

THE TOWN OR VILLAGE OVEN (5th S. vii. 268.) -Lords of manors in olden times not only held the town mill, but also, as your correspondent suggests, the town oven. Examples of the latter are not very rare. The following are from the records of the Manchester manor (vide Chetham Society, lviii. and lxiii.) :—a.d. 1473, "The wife

information required by MR. FOWLER. I shall be glad to let him have the others if he requires them :

Asiatic Researches.

Description de l'Egypte, Paris, 1818.

Sir Wm. Drummond, Edipus Judaicus, 1811 or 1866.
atlas of plates), Paris. 1835-6.
Dupuis, Origine de Tous les Cultes, &c. (10 vols. and

Kircher, Edipus Egyptiacus, &c., 1652-6.
W. H. RYLANDS.

Thelwall, Cheshire.

of Thurstan Chaloner holds a common oven (furnum) at the will of the Lord"; A.D. 1561, the jury of the court order "that John Chalner shall show at the next court day sufficient conveyance from the Lord la Warr for the common oven and the way leading to it, or it shall be law-323.)-The explication as to how the "secrets and ful for Lord la Warr to enter into the same as in his own right." The ancient custumal of Preston (thirteenth century) contains a clause to the effect that the free burgesses of that borough shall not be compelled to go to the oven, the kiln, or the mill of the lord of the manor.

H. FISHWICK, F.S.A.

There was an oven at the top of Cornhill during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, perhaps later, which appears to have been appropriated to common use, subject, I suppose, to control of the City authorities. I have seen some account of this oven in Stow or some other of the old City historians, but cannot put my hand upon it now. The pound and the stocks were originally under the control of the lord of the manor; why not the oven? Had the custom of "lopping and topping" of timber any connexion herewith?

CORNELIUS WALFORD.

Belsize Park Gardens, N.W.

THE CHINESE AND EGYPTIAN SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC (5th S. vii. 268.)-I refer MR. FOWLER to the following works. The names of the signs of the Chinese zodiac he will find in vol. iii. of the Encyclopædia Britannica, fifth edition, 1815, p. 10. For corrections as to the date of Chinese astronomy see the edition of the Encyclopædia now publishing. For the Egyptian zodiac, he will find it depicted on a plate in Landseer's Sabaran Researches, p. 243, published 1823. MR. FOWLER will find an interesting paper on the " Astronomy and Astrology of the Babylonians," by the Rev. A. H. Sayce. in the third vol. of the Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archæology, 1874, pp. 145339, in which the signs are discussed. Should MR. FOWLER wish to compare these with the Indian zodiac, he will find a plate of it in the Works of Sir William Jones, vol. i. p. 345, as also a plate of the Hindoo lunar mansions, p. 337, with full descriptions by the learned author.

EDWARD PARFITT.

Devon and Exeter Institution, Exeter.

I have a few notes of references to books on ancient and other zodiacs, from which I select the following. Perhaps some of them may supply the

FREEMASONS AND BEKTASHGEES (5th S. vii. symbolical proceedings" of Freemasons originated, given by H. C. C., is so very improbable that I should like to know what Professor Vambéry, who lived so long with Dervishes, has to tell us about the Bektashgees. In the mean time I will venture to make a few observations on what H. C. C. has written.

From the earliest ages to which history reaches

every form of religion, every form of government, every science, art, and trade, has had its secrets. Among the early Christians many things were kept secret from the great Roman people, and even now each oral confession is a secret. In both the Anglican and Roman Churches what passes at the examinations of candidates for the priesthood is not known by the public. To say, therefore, discover any traces of the secrets of Freemasonry in the rules of a guild, which were to be approved by the unreformed Catholic Church, "the importance of this silence is so great that it of itself decides the question," is to tax rather too severely the credulity of his readers. Moreover, the control of the Roman Catholic Church, in the Middle Ages, was not so complete over the consciences of men as H. C. C. assumes it to have been. This is proved by the frequent reforms which the Popes found it necessary to introduce into monasteries and convents, and the manner in which abbots and abbesses neglected or defied the orders of the bishops who visited them. As such was the case, how much slighter must have been the control of the Roman Church over the proceedings and secrets of a brotherhood of workmen! The nature of the great works on which the masons were then employed, and the fact that they passed from one part of a country-and of Europe-to another, render it very likely that, from a very early date, they made use of secret means of recognition among themselves, by which they might know one of their brotherhood, and distinguish him from the ordinary local labourers they must have employed.

as H. C. C. does, that because he has failed to

By pointing to the fate of the Templars as a proof of what he asserts, H. C. C. goes very wide from the mark. The Templars were not a brotherhood of workmen, for they took religious vows, which

the masons did not do generally, although some of them were monks. H. C. C. next tells us that the craft has always given admission to Jews, and is, therefore, non-Christian. Can he say, with any certainty, when the first Jew was made a Freemason?

H. C. C. has certainly failed to prove that the secrets and symbolical proceedings of Freemasonry were imported into this country in the seventeenth century. RALPH N. JAMES.

Ashford, Kent.

[Laconian] having plucked all the feathers off from a nightingale, and seeing what a little body it had; "Surely," quoth he, " thou art all voice and nothing else."-Plutarch's Morals, fol., 1603, p. 470.

"W. B. R." "Vox tu es, et nihil præterea," is the translation of Xylander, Plut., Opp. Mor., Par., 1624, p. 233a. ED. MARSHALL.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

Susser Archæological Collections, relating to the History
and Antiquities of the County. Published by the Sussex
Archæological Society. Vol. XXVII. (Lewes, G. P.
Bacon.)
THE volumes issued by the above society are always in-
teresting, and the one just issued is especially so. The
editor contributes the continuation of an excellent paper
on Findon; the Rev. C. J. Robinson another of great
local interest on Stopham. Mr. Henry Campkin fur-

THE REV. WILLIAM JAMES JAY, RECTOR OF ELVEDEN, SUFFOLK (5th S. vii. 308), was the second son of Samuel John Jay, of Cavendish (mentioned in "N. & Q.," 5th S. vi. 57). He married Harriet, daughter of Martin Rawling Osborne, of St. Ives, co. Hunts, and left by her two sons, Willie Parkinson and Arthur Osborne Montgomery, both, I think, now at St. Catharine'snishes two biographies of deceased Sussex celebritiesCollege, Cambridge.

Mr. Jay was born in 1819 and died in 1869. An obituary notice of him occurs in the Calcutta Christian Intelligencer for January, 1870, of which I subjoin a sentence or two :

"Brought up himself, in right of descent, among the nobles of the land, he evinced it by a self-possessed and unembarrassed bearing, dignity of address, and felicitous appropriateness of speech...... The Viceroy of India speaks of him thus, 'It is difficult to call up any individual acts or incidents in that most admirable man's, Jay's, life. But I know of no one whose memory is so fresh and fragrant, one so simple, yet so earnest."" The arms borne by Mr. Jay were those of Jay of Scotland, Az., three dolphins naiant or. He came of a most ancient and once wealthy family, but owing to his father's misfortunes he was himself entirely sans terre." S. DE H.

DE BURES (5th S. vii. 309.)—I also shall be glad to know who William de Bures was who is mentioned in the Testa de Nevile as holding a knight's fee in Norfolk under John Fitz Alan. Perhaps MR. CHARRINGTON can tell me so much. G. A. C.

AUTHORS OF BOOKS WANTED (5th S. vii. 350.)Canidia; or, the Witches, &c.-The copy of the titlepage, as printed at the above reference, transposes the author's initials. They are "R. D.," and not " D. R." I am the possessor of Dr. Farmer's copy, in which he has written: "In Mr. Hutton's Catal., p. 65, No. 1552, this strange composition is ascribed to one Dixon. There was a Robert Dixon, an author about the time and D.D. (Wood's Fasti, vol. ii. p. 103), but it surely must not be given to him Qy. This is the only copy I have seen, 1785." J. F. MARSH.

W. Durrant Cooper and M. A. Lower. There is also an
article, "Remarks on the probable Site of the British
City and Roman Station of Anderida," by Mr. T. Elliott.
than half-a-dozen places have claimed to be the site of
This newly vexes an already much vexed question. More
the old station. These have been so eliminated as to
leave only two candidates for the honour,-majestic
Pevensey, still rejoicing in walls and towers, and Newen-
den, on the Rother, whose intrenchments still give sign
of battle done there. Camden thought that the old Car-
melite friary near Newenden was the actual site of the
ancient fortress, British or Roman. A few years ago the
Rev. Mr. Hussey was looked upon as the successful.
demolisher of any such thought, and the as successful
champion of Pevensey. But now we have Mr. Elliott
backing Camden, and suppressing Mr. Hussey and his
maintained that it was Celtic in origin, composed of an,
reasonings. Then, as to the name "Anderida," Dr. Guest
a negative, and tred, a dwelling place, meaning in com-
bination an undwelt-in district. Mr. Baxter, with the
usual happy variety in such cases, insisted that "Ande-
rida" meant "the two passages," which passages, by the
way, Mr. Elliott discovers in the creek and river near
Newenden.

Mr. Hussey held that Anderida was the name of a Roman fortress. Mr. Elliott holds that Ande

rida was a large British settlement, quite distinct from the Roman station. The only unquestionable fact is that the Britons, who were as thick as bees, were stamped out of existence by Ella, whom Hengist invited for the purpose, and that archaeologists are at issue as to the scene of the atrocity. It is ill arguing, perhaps, from the marshes, woods, fields, &c., of the present time; these must have become what they are after great changes; and, with a prejudice in favour of Pevensey, which is in sight of the sea, as Gildas described it, whereas Newenden is not, the public verdict will hardly be in favour of Mr. Elliott. But he will have very general approval of the courtesy and earnestness with which he fights his battle.

MESSRS. LONGMANS have added another volume to the

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (5th S. vii. series illustrating "Epochs of Modern History." The 330, 359.)

"Vox et præterea nihil." This was answered in 1 S. i. 421"This saying is to be found in Plutarch's Laconic Apophthegms (ATоplέyμата Aakóvika), Plutarchi, Opp. Moral., ed. Wyttenb., vol. i. p. 649. Philemon Holland has turned it into English thus:- Another

latest volume has for its subject The Normans in Europe. It is the well condensed work of the Rev. A. H. Johnson, Historical Lecturer in Oxford University.

MESSRS. JAMES PARKER & Co. have published, in a compressed form, that portion of The Annals of England (W. E. Freeman) which deals with the Stuarts, from 1603 to 1660-another aid to teaching and learning his