and came himself to Paris, to give the King a larger information of all that had paffed in that Affair; and afterwards remain'd in France under many mortifications, by the power and profecution of Cromwell, tili the King's happy Reftoration. The Forreign ALL the Forreign Plantations had fubmitted to the Yoke ; Plantations and indeed without any other damage or inconvenience, than alfo were the having Citizens and inferior Perfons put to Govern them, furtued. The Barba does del ver'd up. inftead of Gentlemen, who had been entrusted by the King in thofe places New England had been too much Allied to all the Confpiracies and Combinations against the Crown, not to be very well pleased that Men of their own Principles prevail'd; and fettled a Government themfelves were delighted with. The Barbadoes, which was much the Richest Plantation, was principally Inhabited by Men who had retired thither only to be be quiet, and to be free from the noife and oppreffions in England, and without any ill thoughts towards the King; many of them having ferv'd him with Fidelity and Courage, during the War; and, that being ended, made that Ifland their Refuge from farther profecutions. But having now gotten good Eftates there (as it is incredible to what fortunes Men raifed themselves in few years, in that Plantation) they were more willing to live in Subjection to that Government at that distance, than to return into England, and be hable to the Penalties of their former Tranfgreffions; which, upon the Articles of Surrender, they were indemnified for: Nor was there any other alteration there, than the removing the Lord Willoughby of Parham (who was, upon many accounts, odious to the Parliament, as well as by being Governour there by the King's Commiffion) and putting an inferior mean Man in his place. MORE was expected from Virginia; which was the most Ancient Plantation; and fo was thought to be better provided to defend it felf, and to be better affected. Upon both which fuppofitions,and out of confidence in S William Berkley, the Governour thereof, who had induftrionfly invited many Gentlemen, and others, thither as to a place of Security, which he could defend against any Attempt, and where they might live plentifully, many Perfons of Condition, and good Officers in the War, had Tranfported themfelves, with all the Estates they had been able to preferve; with which the honest Governour, for no Man meant better, was fo confirm'd in his confidence, that he writ to the King almoft inviting him thither, as to a place that wanted nothing. And the truth is, that, whilft the Parliament had nothing elfe to do, that Plantation in a fhort time was more improv'd in People and Stock, than it had been from the beginning to that time, and had reduced the Indians to very good Neighbourhood. But, alas! they they were fo far from being in a condition to defend themfelves, all their industry having been imploy'd in the making the best Advantage of their particular Plantations, without alfigning time or Men to provide for the Publick Security in building Forts, or any places of Retreat, that there no fooner appear'd two or three Ships from the Parliament than all And Virs thoughts of Refiftance were laid afide. Sr William Berkley, the Governour, was fuffer'd to remain there as a Private Man, upon his own Plantation; which was a better fubfiftence than hecould have found any where else. And in that quiet pofture he continued, by the Reputation he had with the People, till upon the noife and fame of the King's Restoration, he did as quietly refume the Exercife of his former Commiffion, and found as ready an Obedience. About this time allo, Scilly, which had been vigorously defended by Sr John Greenvil, till it wanted all things, was deliver'd up to St George Ayfcue. ...i WE thall not in this place enlarge upon the Affairs of Scotland (which will be part of the Argument of the next Book ) where Monk for the prefent Govern'd with a Rod of iron, and ar laft found no contradiction, or oppofition to his good Will and Pleasure In Ireland; if that People had not been prepar'd and ripe for deftruction, there had happen'd an alteration which might have given fome refpite to it, and difpofed the Nation to have united themfelves under their new Deputy, whom they had themfelves du fired, under all the folemn obligations of Obedience. Shortly after the departure of the Marquis of Ormond, Cromwell's Deputy, Ireton, who Ireton died had married his Daughter, died in Limrick of the Plague; in Limrick which was gotten into his Army, that was fo much weaken'd of the by it, and there were fo great Factions and Divifions among Plague. the Officers, after his fuddain death, that great-Advantages might have been gotten by it. His Authority was fo abfolute, that he was entirely fubmitted to in all the Civil, as well as Martial Affairs. But his death was thought fo little poffible, that no provifion had been made for that contingency. So that no Man had Authority to take the Command upon him, till Cromwells Pleafure was farther known; who put. the Charge of the Army under Ludlow, a Man of a very dif- Ludlow ferent Temper from the other; but appointed the Civil Go-Succeeds him vernment to run in another Channel, fo that there remain'd of the Ar jealoufy and difcontent enough ftill between the Council and my. the Officers to have thaken a Government that was yet no better eftablifl'd. in the charge IRETON, of whom we have had too much occafion to The Charafpeak formerly, was of a melancholick, referv'd, dark Nature, der of Irewho communicated his thoughts to very few; fo that, for the ton. Hh 4 most Book XIII. moft part, he refoly'd alone, but was never diverted from any refolution he had taken; and he was thought often by his obftinacy to prevail over Cromwell himfelf, and to extort his concurrence contrary to his own inclinations. But that proceeded only from his diffembling lefs; for he was never referv'd in the owning and communicating his worst and most barbarous purposes; which the other always conceal'd and difavow'd. Hitherto their concurrence had been very natural, fince they had the fame ends and defigns. It was generally conceiv'd by thofe who had the opportunity to know them both very well, that Ireton was a Man fo radically averfe from Monarchy, and fo fixt to a Republick Government, that, if he had liv'd, he would either, by his Counsel and Credit, have prevented thofe exceffes in Cromwell, or publickly oppofed and declared against them, and carried the greateft part of the Army with him; and that Cromwell, who best knew his Nature, and his Temper, had therefore carried him into Ireland, and left him there, that he might be without his Counfels or Importunities, when he should find it neceffary to put off his Mask, and to act that part which he forefaw it would be requ fite to do. Others thought, his parts lay more towards Civil Affairs; and were fitter for the modelling that Government, which his heart was fet upon (being a Scholar, converfant in the Law, and in all those Authors who bad expreffed the greatest Animofity and Malice against the Regal Government) than for the Conduct of an Army to support it; his Perfonal Courage being never reckon'd among his other Abilities. WHAT Influence foever his Life might have had upon the future Tranfactions, certain it is, his Death had none upon The ill con- the State of Ireland to the King's Advantage. The Marquis dition of the of Clanrickard left no way unattempted that might apply the Marqu of vifible ftrength, and power of the Irish Nation, to the preard's affairs fervation of themselves, and to the support of the King's GoIreland. vernment. He fent out his Orders and Warrants for the Le Clanrick vying of new Men, and to draw the old Troops together, and to raife Money: but few Men could be got together, and when they were Affembled, they could not ftay together for want of Money to pay them: fo that he could never get a Body together to march towards the Enemy; and if he did prevail with them to march a whole day with him, he found, the next morning, that half of them were run away. And it quickly appear'd, that they had made thofe ample Vows and Proteftations, that they might be rid of the Marquis of Ormond, without any purpofe of obeying the other. The greateft part of the Popish Clergy, and all the Irish of Ulster, had no mind to have any relation to the English Nation, and as little little to return to their Obedience to the Crown. They blamed each other for having deferted the Nuntio,and thought of nothing but how they might get fome Forreign Prince to take them into his Protection. They firft chofe a Committee, Plunket and Brown, two Lawyers, who had been eminent Conductors of the Rebellion from the beginning, and Men of good Parts, and joyn'd others with them, who were in France and Flanders. Then they moved the Lord Deputy, to fend thefe Gentlemen into Flanders "to invite the Duke of Lor- The Rebels "raine to affift them with Armes, Money, and Ammunition, refolve to in"undertaking to have good Intelligence from thence, that the of Lorraine "Duke (who was known to wish well to the King) was well thither : "prepared to receive their defire, and refolv'd, out of his "Affection to the King, to engage himfelf cordially in the de"fence of that Catholick Kingdom, his Zeal to that Religion "being known to be very great. THE Marquis of Clanrickard had no opinion of the Expe dient, or that the Duke would engage himself on the behalf of a People who had fo little Reputation in the World, and therefore refused to give any Commiffion to thofe Gentlemen, or to any other to that purpofe, without firft receiving the King's Order, or at leaft the advice of the Marquis of Ormond, who was known to be fafely arriv'd in France, But that was look'd upon as delay, which their condition could not bear, and the doubting the truth of the intelligence, and information of the Duke of Lorraine's being willing to undertake their Relief, was imputed to want of good will to receive it. And then all the Libels, and Scandals, and Declarations, which had been published against the Marquis of Ormond, were now renew'd, with equal Malice and Virulency, against the Marquis of Clanrickard; and they declared, "that God would never blefs his wither'd hand, which had always concurr'd "with Ormond in the Profecution, and Perfecution of the Ca"tholicks Confederates from the beginning of their Engage"ment for the defence of their Religion; and that he had "ftill had more converfation with Hereticks than with Ca"tholicks that he had refufed always to fubmit to the Pope's "Authority; and had treated his Nuntio with lefs refpect "than was due from any good Catholick; and that all the Ca"tholicks who were cherished or countenanced by him, were "of the fame Faction. In the end, he could not longer refift the importunity of the Affembly of the Confederate Catholicks (which was again brought together) and of the Bifhops and Clergy that govern'd the other; but gave his confent to fend the fame Perfons they recommended to him; and gave them his Credentials to the Duke of Lorraine; but required them "punctually to observe his own Instructions, "and vitethe Duke "and not to prefume to depart from them in the leaft de"gree. Their Inftructions were, "to give the Marquis of "Ormond notice of their Arrival; and to fhew him their In"ftructions; and to conclude nothing without his pofitive "Advice; who, he well knew, would communicate all with the Queen, and that likewife, "when they came into "Flanders, they fhould advife with fuch of the King's Council as fhould be there, and proceed in all things as they fhould direct. WHAT Inftructions foever the Lord Deputy prefcribed to them, the Commiffioners receiv'd others from the Council and Affembly of their Clergy, which they thought more to the purpofe, and refolv'd to follow; by which they were authorized to yield to any conditions which might prevail with the Duke of Lorraine to take them into his Protection, and to engage him in their defence, even by delivering all they had ofthe Kingdom into his hands. Though they landed in France, they gave no notice of their bufinefs or their arrival to Commiffio- the Queen, or to the Marquis of Ormond; but profecuted their ners fent to journey to Bruffels, and made their Addrefs, with all fecrecy, to the Duke of Lorraine. There were, at the fame time, at Antwerp, the Marquis of New-Caftle, the Chancellor of the Exchequer (who was newly return'd from his Embassy in Spain) and Secretary Nicholas; all three had been of the King's Council; to neither of whom they fo much as gave a vifit. And though the Duke of York, during this time, paffed through Bruffels, in his journey to Paris; they imparted not their, Negotiations to his Highnefs. him to Bruf fels. THE Duke of Lorraine had a very good mind to get footing in Ireland; where, he was fure, there wanted no Men to make Armies enough, which he thought were not like to want Courage to defend their Country and Religion. And the Commiffioners very frankly offer'd "to deliver up Gallo"way, and all the places which were in their poffeffion, into his hands, with the remainder of the Kingdom, affoon as it could be reduced; and to obey him abfolutely, as their "Prince. But he, as a referve to decline the whole, if it appear'd to be a defign fuller of difficulty than he then apprehended, difcover'd much of his Affection to the King, and his refolution "not to accept any thing that was propofed, The Duke without his Majefty's privity and full approbation. But in the -mean time, and till that might be procured, he was content to fend the Abbot of St Catharine's a Lorrainer, and a Perfon be inform'd principally trufted by him, as his Embaffadour into Ireland, of the State to be inform'd of the true State of that Kingdom, and what real ftrength the Confederate Catholicks were poffeffed of, and at what Unity among themfelves. With him he fent fends an Abbot into Ireland to of it. about |