ANIMATE. Within what limits is this word applicable? An "animated" discussion arose an evening or two ago among a dozen ordinarily intelligent persons in a well-known game called "Twenty Questions," as to whether the subject chosen (a Cow's Horns) can be called "animate" or not. Various dictionaries were applied to, and they all corresponded pretty nearly in the same interpretation. Walker's, for example: "Alive, possessing animal life." On the strength of this, the opinion which seemed to "animate" the majority was that their limbs, nails, hair, &c., are all animate. The answer of the minority wasdoubtless they are animal, as distinguished from vegetable and from mineral; but it is the living being, man, or cow, or oyster, which is animatethe nail, or the horn, or the shell are only animal. Does "animated nature" comprehend a blade of grass or a tree? And if so, is a blind eye or a paralysed arm admissible to the dignity? Does it follow, because I have an anima, that my thumb

has one too?

R. C. L.

CAP OF MAINTENANCE. I have seen the cap of maintenance borne before the pope among the rest of his regalia when he enters St. Peter's in state on the great festivals. In what capacity does he bear this, and what is its meaning? Gwillim in his Display of Heraldry, says―

"A cap of maintenance Mars, turned up ermine. A like cap did Pope Julius II. send with a sword to King Henry VIII., and after him Pope Leo X. gave him the title Defender of the Faith," &c. (p. 270.)

JOHN CARLIER, SCULPTOR, 1568. — John Carlier, alias De Wale (i. e. the Walloon), sculptor, obtained leave from the magistrates of Bruges on January 30, 1568, to go to England for the purpose of setting up a carved stone fountain which he had executed for the Duke of Norfolk. W. H. JAMES WEALE.

MISS MARIANA CHAMBERS. - Can you give me any biographical particulars regarding Miss Mariana Chambers, authoress of a novel and two comedies, which possessed very great literary merit and were performed with success? One of these comedies, The School for Friends, was acted in 1805 for twenty-five nights. The play reached a sixth edition. Miss Chambers's second piece, entitled Ourselves, was acted sixteen nights at Drury Lane in 1811. The Biographia Dramatica mentions the authoress as being daughter of the mate of the Winterton, an East Indiaman, which was, I believe, lost at sea. Did Miss Chambers write any other works, and is the date of her death known? R. I.

A CURIOUS FACT.-Can any one give a natural solution of the following phenomenon? I sleep on an iron-bedstead, and to prevent my watch from falling out in the night I fasten it to a part the silken-cord by which I wear it. One mornof the iron work of the bed by making a loop of ing some time ago, on going to take it up, I found piece I had attached it to, and not only so, but one side of it inside of the next piece, which I may ing in the circumference." Now, awake or asleep term a ring, for it is "circular and has no openI could not have put it there, for the ends of the cord are sewed not tied together, and I had to cut it to set my watch free. This to me is inexplicable. The spiritualists would of course make light work of it, but I am not a believer in spiritualism. I think, however, that men of science should instead known some cases in which there could not have of ridiculing it inquire into it carefully, for I have been either illusion or deception, and which certainly perplex me very much.

the cord twisted three or four times round the

THOMAS KEIGHTLEY. FAIRFAX'S MIRACULOUS VICTORY.-I shall be

very much obliged to any one who will lend me for a few days

"An account of the Miraculous Victory obtained by Lord Fairfax against the Army under the command of the Earl of Newcastle, at Wakefield, in Yorkshire."Small 4to. 1643.

Bottesford Manor, Brigg.

EDWARD PEACOCK.

GEORGE II. AND HIS FAMILY.-Can any reader of "N. & Q." furnish me with the words of an old

song satirising King George II. and his family? It was sung to my father seventy years ago as a nursery ditty by a great-aunt of his, an old lady who had lived in times when Jacobitism was a fervent political conviction, not as now, a mere romantic memory. Her people had been of that way of thinking, and to her death

"She held their old faith and old feelings fast."

The only fragment he could call to memory in later life related to Prince Frederick's going, when a little boy, through London on his way to Windsor. The song described how, when he passed "the great toy shop" in St. Paul's Churchyard, "Out of the carriage window his princely head he popp'd, Saying Stoppee, stoppee, coachinan, I pray you stoppee here, For this must be the great house where lives my father EDWARD PEACOCK.

dear."

MARC LAURIN: LIBRARY OF MSS., ETC. Having discovered in the Archives of Bruges proofs that the valuable library and collection of coins, formed by this wealthy and learned Fleming, were pillaged by the Calvinists in February, 1580, and that a portion at least of these were carried over to England and sold, I am desirous of ascertaining whether any books known to have formed part of this library are preserved in either public or private collections. I have only met with one such, and this an odd volume of Cicero, ornamented with inlaid leather of various colours, in the Grolier style. At the bottom is the inscription, "M. Laurini et amicorum." Others are said to bear the motto "Virtus in arduo."

W. H. JAMES WEALE.

ford Chapel; Spring Garden Chapel; London House Chapel, Aldersgate; Long Acre Chapel; Wood Street Compter Chapel; Oxendon Chapel; Wheler Street Chapel; Devonshire Square Chapel; Scrope's Chapel, Holborn; Zion Chapel, Hampstead; Zion College Chapel. JOHN S. BURN. Henley.

"MUSIC OF THE SPHERES."-Who is the original author of this phrase? Johnson quotes it in his Dictionary from Dryden, who may, perhaps, have taken it from Sir Thomas Browne's Religio Medici, where it is printed (pt. ii. § 9), in all the old editions, without anything to imply that the words are not his own. The Religio Medici was first published in 1642; do these words occur in W. A. G. any earlier author? Hastings.

PANTALOON. —I should be glad if any of your readers would inform me of the origin of the word "Pantaloon." I fancy it to be intimately connected with a high office in the Italian republics of the middle ages, answering to the more modern "Gonfaloniere." As republican institutions fell into disrepute, the "Pantalone" (I think that was the name) was "taken off" on the stage in opera buffa, &c., until time changed him into the decrepit old buffoon of our day. Some think the name is derived from the Latin "pannus," a raga ragged fellow; but this is hardly so likely, I think, and certainly not so interesting as the former suggestion. I should be glad of an opinion. HIC ET UBIQUE.

PORTRAIT FOR IDENTIFICATION. - A friend of mine has a painting with the inscription aboveEtatis suæ 17 Novr

He is very anxious to find out who the person is. The portrait is a young man with books before him, and is in the possession of Mr. Joseph Lilly, of New Street, Covent Garden, who would be happy to give any information that might elucidate it. H. C.

LETTERS OF SIR WALTER RALEGH. - Does any reader of "N. & Q." know anything of the fate of fourteen original letters written by Ralegh to one or other of the Gilberts (his brothers of the half-blood and nephew) between the years 1582 and 1597, or later?

They are known to have belonged to Mr. Brande Hollis at some period late in the last century. I believe, but am not quite certain, that they afterwards came into the hands of Archibald Constable, of Edinburgh, and from his hands into those of the late Mr. Macvey Napier, editor of the Edinburgh Review. The following note of their addresses, &c., is copied from a list (now in my possession) written early in the present century:—

8. "To his nephew, Sir John Gilbert, the younger, Governor of the Fort at Plymouth. Without date. 9. "To the same. Without date. 10. "To the same. Without date.

11. "To Sir Humphrey Gilbert, with a present from Queen Elizabeth. Dated Richmond, March 18, 1582.' 12. "To the same. Without date.

13. "To his nephew, Sir John Gilbert, the younger. Without date.

14. "To Sir John Gilbert. Without date."

To its list its writer adds these words: "All the above were received by me from the late Brande Hollis, Esq., F.R.S., S.A." The list is unsigned and undated. It is addressed: "Mr. Constable." It is certain, therefore, that these letters were offered to Constable. Should the list now chance to fall under the eye of any reader who may be acquainted with the whereabouts of any of the letters mentioned in it, a communication of such knowledge would be most gratefully received by

Sycamores, Wimbledon.

E. E.

ROSSINI'S FUNERAL.-Will some French correspondent of "N. & Q." kindly tell us what music was really performed at the funeral of Rossini? Several special accounts have appeared, but the most special is contained in the Morning Star of November 24, where mention is made of "the first notes of the Requiem in Jomelio's Mass"-these "pealed from the grand organ, soft and low," at twelve o'clock precisely-of seven solo singers performing three solos; and of an accompaniment performed by "the harps of the opera choristes." (!!) These things are puzzling, and seem to suggest the advisability of getting people to write of musical performances who have some faint knowledge of the subject in hand. W. J. WESTBROOK.

concludes thus: "Be thou demiter." What is the meaning of the last word?

4. I shall be obliged to any one who can "rectify" the two following quotations, which appear to be partly from the Vulgate :

(1) Damur bibamus, post mortem nulla voluptas: sed ah miseri discunt hic bonos dios iros (?) et in punctu (? temporis) ad inferna descendunt." "(2) Dominus omnis hæreditatis meæ et capitis mei ipso est." F. M. S.

TERRINGTON.-Pleasantly seated on the Howardian Hills, in the North Riding, archdeaconry of Cleveland, deanery of Bulmer, church All Saints. References-Nona Rolls, p. 235; Valer. Eccle., p. 96, col. 1; Notitia Parochialis, No. 716; Bawdwen's Domesday Book, Tevrintone, Tevrinton, Teurinctune, Tevrinctun; Lowe's MSS., Church of Allhallows, Tyverington vel Terryngton; Testamentary Burials, 1431, 1481, 1543, Teryngton; 1563, 1609, Terington; 1454, Theryngton; 1596, Tirrington.

Information is required as to the origin of the name and history of the place.

DEXTER.

THE TURTLE-DOVE.-In reading Math. Henry's Bible, I found a note concerning the sacrifice of this interesting bird and pigeons, to this effect:—

"They must be either turtle doves, and if so, they must be old turtles' (say the Jews); or, if pigeons, young pigeons. What was most acceptable at men's tables must be brought to God's altar."

Now, I am uncertain how far the commentator is quoting the Jews here, or asserting his own view; the inverted commas are only, in my copy (quarto, Bagster, 1811), to the five words at the better for man's table than young ones? or was beginning. Now my query is: Are old turtles the addition of dove to turtle intended in ancient usage to imply the young of the turtle? J. A. G.

Carisbrooke.

WEDDING CARDS.-When did wedding cards first come into use? We know that of late years they have been going out of fashion, and we frequently see at the end of marriage announcements the words "No cards." This, however, has been outdone by the following addition to a wedding advertisement in the Quebec Morning Chronicle of Nov. 7:-"No cards! No cake! No wine!" EDWARD J. WOOD.

[Daniel Rogers, a statesman of some ability in the court of Queen Elizabeth, and who sometimes calls himself Albimontanus, was born about 1540, at Aston in Warwickshire, and educated at Wittemberg, under the celebrated Melanchthon. When the death of Queen Mary had put an end to religious persecution, he returned to England, and took his degrees at Oxford. Afterwards he obtained a place at court, and was often employed by Queen Elizabeth in embassies to the Netherlands and elsewhere, in 1575, 1577, and 1588. He died Feb. 11, 1590, and was buried in Sunbury church, Middlesex. A list of his various prose and poetical pieces, with some account of him, is given by Wood, Athena Oxon. (ed. Bliss), i. 569, who adds, that he was "a very good man, excellently well learned, a good Latin poet, and one that was especially beloved by the famous antiquary and historian, William Camden." Many of his letters and instructions are among the Cotton MSS. in the British Museum. In 1588 appeared a work, entitled "Triumphalia de Victoriis Elisabethæ Anglorum, Francorum, Hybernorumque Reginæ, contra classem instructissimam Philippi Hispaniarum Regis," 4to. This very interesting volume of poems commences with one addressed to Queen Elizabeth, in which Sir Francis Drake, the Lord High Admiral Howard, Sir Martin Frobisher, and other illustrious persons, are noticed; then follow other poems by various authors, on the Victory of the English Fleet over the Spanish Armada, Odes, Epigrams, &c. It contains also an introductory Poem to Daniel Rogers, a Latin poet of considerable celebrity, and a native of Warwickshire. Consult also the Calendars of State Papers, Domestic Series, A.D. 1547 to 1590.]

[Both places were holden by the same officer. It was in the year 1755 that Sir Charles Hardy was advanced to the honourable appointment of Governor of New York. On Oct. 28, 1770, he was farther advanced to be Admiral of the Blue; as he was, on the death of Admiral Holburne in the following year, to be Master and Governor of Greenwich Hospital. He died suddenly, in an apoplectic fit, at the Fountain Tavern at Portsmouth, on May 18, 1780, aged about sixty-seven.-Charnock's Biographia Navalis, v. 99–104; and Gentleman's Magazine, vol. i. p. 213.]

ANCIENT SWORDS.-An old sword, the handle beautifully ornamented in solid steel, and engraved to a Gothic pattern, has the name "Pottenstein" at the back edge of the blade near the handle. Who was he, and when did he live? The blade has the double-headed eagle of Russia engraved on both sides. Also, when did Andrea Ferara live? SILVERSTONE.

[A valuable article, displaying much research on the age, country, and personal history of Andrea Ferara, appeared in the Cornhill Magazine for August, 1865 (vol. xii. 189-194). The writer thus concludes his interesting paper: "From all these combinations there results a chain of circumstantial evidence, closely approaching to demonstration, that Andrea Ferara was born about the year 1555; that he was of a family of armourers which had existed in Italy at least two generations before that time, and derived his nomination from the place of his nativity-the ducal city of Ferara." Consult also the General Index to "N. & Q.," 1st, 2nd,

"La Sfera del Mondo. Di M. Francesco Giuntini. Dottore Theologo: col testo di Giouanni Sacrobosco. Opera utile e necessaria à poëti, historiografi, nauiganti, agricoltori, ed ad ogni sorte di persone. In Lione, appresso Simforiano Berard. M.D.LXXXII."

I find no mention of it either in Lowndes or Brunet, but shall be glad if any reader of "N. & Q." can tell me anything about its author. H. FISHWICK.

[Francesco Giuntini, in Latin Junctinus, a celebrated mathematician and astrologer, was born at Florence in 1523. He entered the order of Carmelites, which he left and professed the Reformed Faith; but returning to the Roman communion, he remained in it till his death, which took place at Lyons in 1590. For some account of him and his literary works, see the new edition of the Biographie Universelle, xvi. 602.]

turing town of Lower Austria, twenty miles south of Vienna. We have never met with a swordmaker of that name.]

PENZANCE SEAL. - I have heard that the corporation of Penzance has in its coat of arms the head of John the Baptist, and that the same device is borne by the Fishmongers' Company of London. May I ask to be informed what was the occasion of this singular device, and whether there was any historical connection between the parties bearing it? J. S.

[The seal of Penzance has certainly the figure of the head of John the Baptist, with this inscription, "Pensans anno Domini 1614." But, as Hals remarks, "These arms are through ignorance of the true etymology of the name thereof." Gilbert farther states, that it formerly had a chapel dedicated to St. Anthony, the patron of

[Both statements are correct. The Countess of Sutherland became the wife of George Granville Leveson Gower, Marquess of Stafford. This work is noticed under both titles in Lowndes.]

MOTHER OF CORIOLANUS.-Livy and ShakeAcspeare are at variance respecting her name. cording to the former, Veturia was the mother and Volumnia the wife of Coriolanus; according to the latter, Volumnia was the mother and Virgilia the wife. Whence did Shakespeare get his version of the story? E. H. A.

[Shakspeare's play is founded on the Life of Coriolanus by Plutarch, in the translation by Sir Thomas North, made not from the original but from the French of Amiot, Bishop of Auxerre, and published in 1579, folio; see p. 238, edit. 1612. Warton says, "That Amiot's French version of Plutarch should contain corruptions and innovations, will easily be perceived, when it is remembered that he probably translated from an old Italian version. A new exhibition in English of the French caricature of this most valuable biographer, by North, must have still more widely extended the deviation from the original."]

Replies.

THE SONG OF THE BEGGAR.

(2nd S. x. 277; xi. 159.)

It was not till recently that I observed that this very curious but rather lengthy ballad-poem, was asked for. It has been copied from a very rare book, called A Description of Love, &c., 6th edit. 1629. 8vo.

66 THE SONG OF THE BEGGER.

"I am a Rogue and a stout one,
A most couragious drinker,

I doe excell, 'tis knowne full well,
The Ratter, Tom, and Tinker.

Still do I cry, Good your Worship, good Sir,
Bestow one small Denire, Sir;
And bravely at the bousing Ken
Ile bouse it all in Beere, Sir.

"If a Bung be got by the hie Law, Then straight I doe attend them; For if Hue and Crie doe follow, I

A wrong way soon doe send them.
Still I doe cry, &c.

"Ten miles unto a Market,
I runne to meet a Miser;
Then in a throng, I nip his Bung,
And the partie ne'er the wiser.
Still doe I cry, &c.

"My daintie Dals, my Doxis,

Whene'er they see me lacking; Without delay, poore wretches, they Will set their Duds a packing. Still doe I cry, &c.

"I pay for what I call for,

And so perforce it must be;
For as yet I can not know the man,
Nor Oastis that will trust me.
Still do I cry, &c.

"If any give me lodging,

A courteous Knave they find me;
For in their bed, alive or dead,
I leave some Lice behind me.
Still doe I cry, &c.

"If a Gentrie Coe be comming,

66

Then straight it is our fashion,
My legge I tie close to my thigh,
To move him to compassion.
Still doe I cry, &c.

My doublet sleeve hangs emptie,
And for to begge the bolder

For meate and drinke, mine arme I shrinke,
Up close unto my shoulder.
Still doe I cry, &c.

"If a Coach I heare be rumbling,

To my Crutches then I hie me; For being lame, it is a shame, Such Gallants should denie me. Still doe I cry, &c.

"With a seeming bursten belly,

I looke like one half dead, Sir;
Or else I beg with a woodden legge,
And a Night-cap on my head, Sir.
Still doe
cry, &c.

"In winter time starke naked

I come into some citie,
Then every man that spare them can,
Will give me clothes for pittie.
Still doe I cry, &c.

"If from out the Low-countrie,

I heare a Captaines name, Sir; Then strait I swe[a]re I have been there, And so in fight came lame, Sir. Still doe I cry, &c. "My Dogge in a string doth lead me, When in the Towne I goe, Sir; For to the blind all men are kind, And will their Almes bestow, Sir. Still doe I cry, &c.

"With Switches sometimes stand I,
In the bottom of a Hill, Sir;

There those men which doe want a switch,
Some monie give me still, Sir.

Still doe I cry, &c.