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With respect to salutes at sea, the two contracting parties agree to regulate them on the footing of perfect equality between the two Crowns.

Few observations occur to us upon the above treaty. The second and third articles that succeed the' introductory matter, may engage some attention.By the first of these it appears, that the mediation of the Emperor of Russia is to be employed to obtain a peace between the king of Sweden, the emperor of the French, and the king of Denmark; but it is manifest from previous circumstances, that one of the objects of the coalition of these four powers will be our exclusion from the Baltic Sea. From the second it will be observed, that this favourite purpose is contemplated in the present arrangements. We are there told that "his majesty the king of Sweden promises to adhere to the Continental system, with such modifications as shall be more particularly stipulated in the negociation which is about to be opened between Sweden, France, and Denmark." The article relating to the British flag and commerce, however, is not so comprehensive in its exclusion as was reported; there being an exception in favour of the importation of salt and colonial produce. Considering the circumstances under which this trea

ty was negociated, it is, on the whole,

as favourable to the weakerstate as could well have been expected. The power and territory of Sweden are undoubted. ly greatly reduced by this arrangement; but so completely was she at the mercy of her rival, that it is a wonder she was allowed to preserve even the shadow of independence that is left to her.

The loss of territory and population sustained by Sweden in the present war, is thus stated in the foreign journals:-Wismar, six square miles, and 11,000 inhabitants, Pomerania and Rugen, 70 square miles and 70,000 inhabitants, Finland, 3500 square miles, and 700,000 inhabitants. Total, 3576 square miles, and 781,000 inhabitants; or in other words, 1-4th of her whole territory, and 1-6th of her population.

We have no further accounts of the future fate of the late King Gustavus, or his Queen; the former is still confined in the Castle of Gripsholm, the latter at Haga. The new Constitution has been presented to the Swedish Diet. We shall give an abstract of it in our next number.

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By accounts from Gottenburgh, of the 7th November, we learn, that Admiral Sir James Saumarez, with his fleet, had arrived at Carlscrona, which had excited strong apprehensions in the government that he meditated an attack on the Swedish ships there, and that they had a dopted measures for their defence: That each of the Swedish ships have two or three large guns on the deck, with their muzzles pointed towards the hold, with a view to sink the vessels, should it be impossible to defend them. The suspicion so strongly manifested in these arrangements, appear, however, to be confined to the executive. The people, who have profited by our intercourse and friendship, are disposed to maintain them at greater sacrifices than it is probable the government may consider it prudent to expose them.

FRANCE.

The following account of Bonaparte's journey from Germany, to France, is published in the Moniteur.

Paris, October 9.

His majesty left Munich on the 22d, at five o'clock in the morning; at four he received intelligence that the ratifications of the treaty of peace had been exchanged at Vienna, between Count Champagny, and the first chamberlain, Count Urbna. At noon his Majesty arrived at Augsburg, and alighted at the residence of the late Elector of Treves. As it was Sunday he attended mass. He supped at Ulm with the Bavarian commissary, Van Gravensoult. His majesty travelled all night, and on the morning of the 23d, at seven o'clock, arrived at the palace of Stutgard, where he passed the whole of the day. After being present at the representation of one of Paesiello's operas, which the King of Wirtemberg caused to be performed by his company, he set out at ten in the evening, and again travelling all night, arrived at ten in the morning at Strasburgh, after having visited by the way, at Radstadt, the family of the Grand Duke of Baden, who was then there. His Majesty left Strasburg at noon, and alighted at Bar, the residence of the lady of Marshal Oudinot. At seven in the evening he passed through Epernay, where he supped, and at nine

In the morning of the 26th arrived at
Fountainbleau.

Both in Germany and France, all those who saw his majesty were of opinion that he never appeared in better health; a circumstance which afforded an agreeable surprise, considering the false rumours that had been in circulation, and to which the journey of Dr Corvisant to Vienna annexed some degree of credit.

An incident of a singular nature has been for a considerable time the subject of rumour in the continental journals. They state, that about the beginning of August, Bonaparte, from extreme fatigue and want of rest, was seized at Schoenbrunn with a fever, accompanied with a violent delirium, which became so serious, as to induce his attendants to send to Paris for the assistance of two

eminent physicians. The journalists add, that this circumstance was the cause of considerable delay and hesitation on the part of the Emperor of Ausrria, in proceeding with the negoti ation. Private letters from Hamburgh mention, that the disease with which he was attacked was a collapse (some call it an epilepsy,) and that he lay for thirtysix hours in a kind of stupor, during all which time, his Marshal of the palace, Duroc, attended him. None but the physicians were admitted to his apartment, and the utmost care was taken to conceal is situation from the army. We are not informed how long this illness lasted, but it is reported on the same vague authority, that an imbecility of mind has been the consequence. The Moniteur admits that Dr Corvisant left Paris suddenly to attend his Majesty the Emperor at Vienna; but adds, that his Majesty, when he arrived at Fountainbleau, appeared in perfect health.

A variety of accounts, however, have been received from France, to a late date, which concur in stating that Bonaparte had been affected with a serious illness, and that symptoms of insanity had been perceived; and his remaining so long at Fountainbleau, without visiting Paris, convince us that there is some truth in these reports.

The Moniteur contains an imperial decree, issued by his majesty on his birth-day, the 16th of August, instituting a new order, to be called the order of the three golden fleeces, and to be specially appropriated to the rewarding of officers and soldiers, whose

corps belong to the grand army, and have served with it during three campaigns.This order is to consist, at the most, of 100 grand knights, 400 commanders, and 1000 knights. The emperor is grand master.The imperial princes alone obtain admission from birth. The other princes of the blood are only admissible after serving two years in the army, or during one actual campaign. It may be conferred for services deemed worthy of it, on the grand officers of the crown, the ministers, the presidents of the senate, and the immediate descendants of marshals. With these exceptions, none can obtain it but such as have, in different engagements, received three wounds.-The emperor, nevertheless, reserves to himself the privilege of bestowing it upon those who particularly distinguish themselves, by the defence of their colours, being the first to mount a breach, or other splendid atchievements. The memorable 15th of Au, gust will be the anniversary of the order.

The following is a more particular list of the French ministers of state who have been created dukes:

---

The Minister Secretary of State, Duke of

Bassano.

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PREFECT OF LA GIRONDE,

Bourdeaux, September 25. The prefect of the department of La Gi ronde, Chevalier of the Empire, to the mayors of the department.

Gentlemen,-You have received my circular of the 26th August, relative to the Austrian prisoners of war; 100 prisoners, composing the first detachment, will arrive at Bourdeaux the 20th October. You will engage the farmers (soumissionaires) to be there on the same day, because these strangers will be put immediately at their dis posal. The circular states, that the government will not interpose between the prisoners and the proprietors. It is, however, indispensable, that the mayor of the commune be a witness to the reciprocal a greement. If he finds that they wish to take advantage of their condition, i. e. to obtain their services at insufficient prices, the mayor will be their protector. He will maintain their interest; and, in any case where his representations are ineffec

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tual, he will give notice to the under Pre. fects. The clothing and feeding are charges which the proprietor must take on himself. He must, besides, give the prisoners a fixed salary; other prisoners from the same nation have already been placed here, and can convince the proprietors that they are faithful, ingenious, robust, and laborious. Thus, many proprietors have so treated them as for ever to attach them. This is the end to which the proprietors should look; and they can only attain it by treating the prisoners in a manner due to the unhappy. They will do wrong in persuading themselves that they are to be abandoned at discretion. You will exact from the proprietors, who may obtain prisoners, that they give you frequent accounts of their conduct; it will even be proper that you inform yourself, from these stran gers, that they are treated with humanity. The proprietors will be discharged from 1.ll responsibility for the desertion of any prisoner, provided he immediately give notice to the mayor of the commune, who will, thereupon, give advice to the armed force. For this purpose, the mayor will preserve a list of the prisoners in his commune, descriptive of their persons. If any prisoner fail in his respect for local authorities, or to the proprietor who employs him, the mayor may order him into confinement for 24 hours. The same functionary is bound to denounce to the tribunals, the prisoner who is guilty of any punish able offence.

ITALY.

GERY.

On the 19th Oct. the senate of the kingdom of Italy assembled, in virtue of a decree of the viceroy. A dispatch from his imperial Highness was read, announcing several decrees issued at Schoenbrunn, which create 16 new se. nators, 8 members of the legislature, 6 counsellors of State, 15 counts of the kingdom of Italy, 45 barons, 3 chamber. lains of the king, 4 ladies of honour to the queen, several grand dignitaries of the iron crown, and a great number of knights.

The official paper of Milan of the 21st October, contains two decrees, dated Schoenbrunn, October 14. The first is as follows:

The circle of Villach, Carniola, the provinces of Istria, formerly Austrian, the provinces of Fiume and Trieste, the countries known by the name of the Littorale, the part of Croatia, and all

that has been ceded to us on the right bank of the Saave, Dalmatia, and its islands, shall hereafter bear the name of the Illyrian provinces.

The substance of the second decree

is; the counsellor of state Duchy is ap pointed intendant-general of the Illy. rian provinces ceded to us by the treaty of Vienna.

Another decree of the 16th October directs, that the kingdom of Italy shall be divided into six military divisions. The first will consist of the division of Agogno, Coni, Lario, and Adda, and the head quarters will be at Milan; the second, of the departments of Mella, Serjo, and Upper Po; the third of the departments of the Mincio, Adige, and Lower Po, head-quarters Mantua; the fourth of the Reno, Rubicon, Panaro, and Crostola, head quarters Bologna the fifth, of the departments of the Metauro, Muiano, and Trenta, headquarters Ancona; the sixth, of the departments of the Bocchiglione, Brenta, Piave, Tagliamento, Adriatic Sea, and Paseriano, head-quarters Venice.

NAPLES.

The following is a copy of a decree lately issued by Murat, King of Naples :Joachim Napoleon, King of the Two Sici

lies.

Considering that the motives which induced our illustrious predecessor to suppress certain religious orders by the law of the 13th of October 1807, still retain their force with respect to the existing religious institutions-

Considering that the suppression of these' orders is imperiously called for from present circumstances, and that it ought to operate not only without prejudice to the individuals who compose them, but even to ameliorate their condition, by allowing them as great a pension as the finances of the state will permit, and proportioned to the property wherewith the effect of this suppression will augment the mass of the

national domains

Upon the report of our ministers of worship, of justice, and of finances, we have therefore decreed, and do decree as follows:

Throughout our whole kingdom the following religious orders are suppressed :

The Dominicans, and all the detached monks of their order, the Minorites, the third order of St. Francis, the Minists, the two Carmelite orders, the brethren of St.

Peter

Peter of Pisa, the Servites, and brethren of St John of God, the Trinitarians of Mercy, Spanish and Italian, the Augustins, the Sylvestrians, the Basilians, the Meatins, the Regular Minorites; the Cross-Bearers,. the Clerks of the Mother of God, the Bamalites, the Samaschians, and the Priests of St. Roche.

SWITZERLAND.

Several cantons have commenced a atrong opposition to a law enacted by the govern ment of Basle, forbidding all persons in office under it intermarrying with persons professing the catholic faith, under pain of forfeiting their right of citizenship. The protestant cantons of Vaud and Zurich, the catholic cantons of St. Galle and Argovie, have declared that this prohibition is contrary to the principles of the act of mediation, and of sound toleration, and have demanded that it should be annulled. On the other side, it has been seen, with great surprise, that several catholic cantons, particularly Schwytz, Underwald, and Soleure, have adopted the Basie system, and declared against mixed marriages. At the late session of the diet, in which this business was discussed, but not determined, the envoy of the canton of Soleure disapproved of the indulgence granted to marriages in the diocese of Constance, the bishop of which is the prince primate of the confe

deration of the Rhine.

SPAIN.

Seville, September 21. The following decrees have been issued by the usurper, from the 13th to the 23d of August.

A decree, for suppressing the religious orders, directing every member of these orders to return to his native place, where he shall receive the allowance promised in February.

(This allowance, which was then limited to ten reals, was shortly after curtailed to six, and is probably reduced at present to nought.)

A decree, forbidding them to preach, or to hear confession, until they have obtained fresh licences; they may hold curacies, prebends, &c.

A decree, authorising the bishops to make use of the convents, if wanted, for divine worship.

A decree, to prevent the sale of any part of the property of hospitals or charitable institutions.

A decree, abolishing the class of the grandees, and all titles. His majesty will create

a new nobility, and settle the style of ad dress; the present titulars will be allowed to make good their claims, by producing ancient diplomas.

A decree, abolishing all councils, except that of state.

A decree, depriving all placemen of their places, for which they will have to sue again.

A decree, directing no part of the public debt to be considered as such, but what shall have been proved and acknowledged within the term of one month. This in

cludes the Vales, which are to be stamped

anew.

A decree, enacting that the individuals employed in the royal chapel are comprised in the number of those who are to sue again for the places they hold at present.

A decree, abolishing the tax called Vote de Santiago.

A decree, establishing a central administration of hospitals.

And decrees, suppressing the administration of the post office, and the boards of trade, mint, and mines.

In consequence of the edict of the religious king, Joseph Bonaparte, in Salaman. ca, they have made an inventory of the va luable effects of the convents, to the weight of 300 arrobes, among which there is a considerable quantity of the precious metals.

The priest Salgado was commissioned for this purpose; and he has executed his charge so scrupulously, that not a chalice could escape and in recompense for his services he is appointed to the dignity of bishop of Salamanca.

SIEGE OF GERONA.

Gerona, September 6. The respectable batteries which were constructed near the cathedral and the other points, opened, on the 28th of last month, a tremendous fire on a large battery which the enemy had erected on the olive ground, which was so roughly handled as to be almost entirely destroyed; and consequently an end was put to the extreme fury with which bombs, grenades, and balls were thrown into the town.

The first was one of the happiest and most festive days which Gerona has experienced during a four months siege. On that day, we saw a succour enter our gates, which our country had procured us at an immense expense, and saw it arrive with a facility truly astonishing; 1250 beasts of burden entered the place, with 2000 quintals of flour, some wine and brandy, sheep, a number of bullocks, and other articles. The whole was escorted by about 4000 infantry, and 460 horse, under the orders of Major general Jayme Garcia Conde, rein

forced

forced by about 1000 men, who marched out of the place to meet them. The place continues to defend itself with the utmost

heroism, notwithstanding two practicable

breaches have been made; and the com

munication with those neighbouring places whence provisions might be drawn is again intercepted.

September 15.

The troops of this brave garrison, notwithstanding the excessive fatigue to which they are exposed, the total want of wine, and scarcity of bread, performed, this morning, a most heroic achievement. The enemy, to the number of 180 infantry, with five officers, occupied the houses adjoining the tower of Gironella. But forty of our soldiers dislodged them, with disgrace, from that post, having killed the commanding officer and nine men.

Duhesme, who left Barcelona, and marched to Martorell, with almost the whole garrison of the former place, to succour the army besieging Gerona, was obliged to retreat precipitately to Barcelona with considerable loss, and hotly pursued by Senor Aranda.

The Spaniards have obtained another partial victory over the French, of which the following official account was publish

ed in the London Gazette of Nov. 11.

Foreign office, November 11. 1809. A letter, of which the following is an extract, was this day received by Earl Bathurst, his majesty's principal secretary of state for foreign affairs, from Lieutenant-colonel Carrol, dated army of the left, camp on the heights of Tamames, October 19, 1809.

I have the honour to acquaint you, that the army of Marshal Ney, now commanded by General Marchand, advanced on the morning of yesterday, in force 10,000 infantry and 1200 cavalry, with 14 pieces of artillery, to attack this army, which was most judiciously posted on these heights.

The enemy divided his force into three columns, which advanced against the right, centre and left of our line; it soon became evident that the principal object of attack was to force and turn our left, it being the point in which our position was weakest.

The enemy at the commencement gained some advantage of position on our left, in consequence of the retreat of a small party of our cavalry, destined to cover the left of our line. This success, however, was momentary, as the vanguard, led on by Generals Men

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dizabal and Carrera, charged with the greatest spirit and gallantry, routed the enemy, and retook, at the point of the bayonet, six guns, of which the enemy possessed himself during the retreat of the division of our cavalry. The vanguard in this charge committed great slaughter amongst the enemy, taking from them one eight-pound gun, with a quantity of ammunition. After a long and obstinate contest, the enemy, being unable to gain a foot of ground, began to give way on all points. About three o'clock in the afternoon, the enemy betook himself to a precipitate and disorderly flight.

The loss of the enemy, as far as we have been yet able to ascertain, exceeds 1000 in killed and prisoners. The numbers of the wounded must be very considerable.

Our loss has been comparatively very trifling, not exceeding three hundred. One imperial eagle; one 8-pounder brass gun; three ammunition waggons ; twelve drums, with four or five thou sand stand of arms; an immense quantity of ball cartridge; carts of provider, fell into our hands. sions, and knapsacks loaded with plun

No language can do sufficient justice to the gallant and intrepid conduct of the troops on this memorable day; it would be impossible to make any distinction in the zeal and ardour of the different corps, for all equally panted for the contest. The vanguard and first division, however, had the good fortune to occupy those points against which the enemy directed his principal efforts, and to add fresh laurels to the wreaths they acquired in Lugo, San Jago, and San Payo.

The steady intrepidity displayed by the second division, through whose ranks the party of retreating cavalry passed, and the spirit and promptness with which it pushed forward against the enemy, who had at that moment turned our left, is deserving of the highest approbation.

The entire of the cavalry, with the exception of the party attached to the vanguard, about three hundred, who, from being overpowered, were obliged to retreat, evinced the greatest steadiness and resolution in maintaining the post alotted them, and keeping the enemy's cavalry in check.

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