constant agitation is kept up, which considerably favours the exhaustion.

The chief inconvenience of this machine is the number of parts of which it is formed, and the accurate grinding required for all the pieces that fit, which makes the apparatus expensive, and not easily repaired when any portion is broken. And hence various improvements have been attempted; one of the best of which is that invented by the late Dr. Hamilton.

It should be observed, however, that the utmost effect of the best glass vessels in impregnating water with carbonic acid, or any other gass, is very far short of the power of the forcing pump: : by which method alone all the brisk, foaming, carbonated waters are made, which are consumed so largely under the names of artificial Seltzer, soda, Pyrmont waters, &c. Mr. Paul of Geneva appears to have been the first who adopted this excellent method of making artificial mineral waters.

NOOTKA SOUND, a bay discovered by captain Cook, in 1778, on the west coast of North America. Lon. 146. 28 W. Lat. 49. 33 N. Captain Cook gave it the name of King George's Sound; but the natives call it Nootka; the name now generally adopted by the English. It is not situate on the continent, as Cook had reason to suppose, but on an island, to which captain Vancouver, who coasted it in 1792, gave the name of Quadra and Vancouver Island, the former being the name of the Spanish commandant on the coast. The woods are composed of the Canadian pine, white cypress, and two or three other sorts of pine; and in general they are of a large size. About the rocks and borders of the woods were seen some strawberry plants, and raspberry, currant, and gooseberry bushes, all in a flourishing state. The principal animals seen here were racoons, martens, and squirrels. Birds are far from being numerous, and those that are to be seen are remarkably shy. The stature of the natives is, in general, below the common standard; but their persons are not proportionably slender, being usually pretty plump, though not muscular. The women are of the same size and form as the men; nor is it easy to distinguish them, as they possess no natural feminine graces. Their bodies are always covered with red paint; but their faces are ornamented with a variety of colours, a black, a bright red, or a white colour. They are docile, courteous, and goodDatured; but quick in resenting injuries, and, like most other passionate people, as quickly forgetting them. Their weapons are bows and arrows, slings, spears, short truncheons of bone, and a small ax, not unlike the common American tomahawk. A rattle and a small whistle are the only instruments of music that were seen among them. Their houses consist of very long broad planks, resting upon the edges of each other, tied, in different parts, with withes of pine bark. Their furniture consists principally of chests and boxes of various sizes, piled upon each other, at the sides and ends of their houses, in which are depo

sited their garments, and whatever they deem valuable; they have also square and oblong pails, bowls to eat their food out of, &c. The irregularity and confusion of their houses is exceeded by their nastiness and stench: every thing stinks of train oil, fish, and smoke; and every part is as filthy as can be imagined. In 1786, a few British merchants in the East Indies formed a settlement in this place, to supply the Chinese market with furs; but the Spaniards, in 1789, captured two English vessels, and took possession of the settlement. The British ministry made their demand of reparation, and the affair was amicably terminated by a convention.

NOPAL. See COCCINELLA. NOPALXOCH QUETZALLI. See CAC

TUS.

NOPE. s. A kind of bird called a bull-finch or redtail.

NOR. conjunct. (ne or.) 1. A particle marking the second or subsequent branch of a negative proposition: as, neither poor nor rich. 2. Two negatives are sometimes joined, but ill: I have not done it, nor I know not when I shall do it. 3. Nor is in poetry used in the first branch for neither: as, I nor love myself, nor thee.

NORAX, a son of Mercury and Eurythæa, who led a colony of Iberians into Sardinia.

NORBANUS, (C.) a young and ambitious Roman, who opposed Sylla, and joined his interest to that of young Marius. In his consulship he marched against Sylla, by whom he was defeated.

NORBERG, a town of Sweden, in Westmanland, near which are the best iron mines in the province. It is 34 miles N. of Stroemsholm. Lon. 16. 12 E. Lat. 60. 2 N.

NORCIA, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Spoleto, seated among mountains, on the river Fredara, 20 miles S.E. of Spoleto.

NORD, a department of France, so named from being the most northern in situation. It includes the late French provinces of Hainault, Flanders, and Cambresis. Douay is the capital.

NORDBURG, a town of Denmark, at the N. extremity of the isle of Alsen, with a castle, nine miles N.N.W. of Sunderburg.

NORDEN, a seaport of Westphalia, in E. Friesland, and a considerable place of trade, with a good harbour. It is four miles from the German ocean, and 14 N. of Emden. Lon. 7. 13 E. Lat. 53. 32 N.

NORDGAU. See BAVARIA (Palatinate

of)..

NORDHAUSEN, a town of Upper Saxony (lately imperial), in Thuringia, with seven Lutheran churches, and a well-built orphanhouse. It has a considerable trade in corn, brandy, and rape and linseed oil, with manufactures of marble and alabaster. It is seated on the Zorge, 35 miles N.N.E. of Erfurt. Lon. 10. 56 E. Lat. 51. 30 N.

NORDHEIM, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Brunswick, situate on the Rhume, at its conflux with the Leina, ten miles N. of Gottingen.

HH 2

NORDKOPING, a seaport of Sweden, capital of East Gothland. It is 10 miles in circumference, but the houses are scattered, and the inhabitants do not exceed 12,000. The river Motala flows through the town, forms a series of cataracts, and is divided into four principal streams, which encircle several rocky islands, covered with buildings; but at the extremity of the town it is navigable for large vessels. Here are manufactures of wool len cloth, paper, and fire-arms; some sugarhouses, and a brass foundery. Corn is exported hence in great quantities; and a salmon fishery gives employment and riches to many of the inhabitants. It is 110 miles S.W. of Stockholm. Lon. 15. 50 E. Lat. 58. 35 N. NORDLAND, one of the five grand divisions of Sweden, bounded on the N. by Lapland, E. by the gulf of Bothnia, S. by Sweden Proper, and W. by the same and Norway. It contains six provinces.

NORDLINGEN, a town of Suabia, lately imperial, and fortified in the ancient manner. Here the league of the five western circles of the empire was concluded in 1702. In 1796 it was taken by the French. It is a commercial place, seated on the Eger, 38 miles N.N.W. of Augsburg. Lon. 10. 34 E. Lat 48.50 N. NORDMALING, a town of Sweden, in Angermania, near a bay of the gulf of Bothnia, 24 miles S. W. of Uma, and 70 N.E. of Hernosand.

NORDSTRAND, an island of Denmark, on the W. coast of South Jutland, 12 miles long and five broad. It has a town called Ham, 28 miles W. of Sleswick. Lon. 9. 0 E. Lat. 54.40 N.

NORFOLK, a county of England, 77 miles long and 45 broad; bounded on the N. and E. by the German ocean, S.E. and S. by Suffolk, and W. by Cambridgeshire and Lincolnshire. It contains 1,694,400 acres ; is divided into 32 hundreds, and 660 parishes; has one city and 32 market towns; and sends 12 members to parliament. The number of inhabitants in 1801 was 273,371. The products vary according to the soil and situation. The lighter arable lands produce barley in great plenty; wheat is cultivated in the strongest soils; and turnips are grown here in great quantities: much buck-wheat is also grown in the light soils, and used for feeding swine and poultry. The fenny parts yield great quantities of butter; which is sent to London under the name of Cambridge butter. The sheep are a hardy small breed, much valued for their mutton. Turkeys are reared here to a larger size than elsewhere; rabbits are extremly numerous on the sandy heaths; and there is abundance of game, especially of pheasants. The manufactures of Norfolk are worsted, woollen, and silks. Its principal rivers are the Great Ouse, Nen, Little Ouse, Waveney, Yare, and Bure. Norwich is the capital.

NORFOLK, a seaport of Virginia, capital of a county of the same name. It was burnt in 1776, by order of the British governor; but is now the most considerable commercial town in

the state. The chief exports are tobacco, flour, corn, staves, and lumber. Here are two churches, and the harbour is large enough to contain 300 ships. The town stands on the E. side of Elizabeth river, near its entrance into the estuary of James river, 108 miles E.S.E. of Richmond. Lon. 76. 40 W. Lat. 36. 55 N.

NORFOLK ISLAND, an island in the Pacific Ocean, lying E. of New South Wales, and settled by a colony of convicts, subordi nate to that government. It is very hilly, but some of the valleys are tolerably large. Mount Pitt, the only remarkable hill, is 18,000 feet high. The whole island is covered by a very thick forest, choked with underwood, and the principal timber tree is the pine, which is very useful in building, and seems to be durable. The soil, when cleared, may be rendered very productive; and the air is very wholesome. The spring is perceptible in August; but the trees are in a constant succession of flowering and fruiting the year round. In summer the heat is excessive; from February to August may be called the rainy season; and the winter, from April to July, is very pleasant. This island is supplied with many streams of good water, which abound with very fine eels. The cliffs round the coast are 240 feet high, quite per pendicular; and the want of a safe harbour is a great inconvenience. The settlement is formed in Sydney Bay, on the S. side of the island. Lon. 168. 12 E. Lat. 29. 4 S.

NORHOLM, a town of Norway, in the dio cese of Christiansand, 16 miles N.N.E. of Christiansand.

NORICUM, a country of ancient Illyri cum, which now forms a part of modern Ba varia and Austria. It extended between the Danube, and part of the Alps and Vindelicia. Its inhabitants made many incursions upon the Romans, and were at last conquered under Tiberius. The iron that was drawn from Noricum was esteemed excellent, and thence noricus ensis, to express the goodness of a sword.

NORIS (Henry), a celebrated cardinal, was born at Verona in 1631, and educated by his father, who was a native of Ireland. He afterwards entered among the monks of St. Augustine, and acquired great reputation on ac count of his learning. In 1673, he published his History of Pelagianism, which gave great offence to several persons, who accused him to the pope of being heterodox, but with so little success, that Clement X. made him underlibrarian of the Vatican; and in 1695 he obtained a cardinal's hat. He died in 1704. His works are numerous, and were published at Verona in 1730, in 5 vols. folio.

NORLAND, one of the five general divisions of Sweden, comprehending the provinces of Gestrikeland, Helsingland, Medelpadia, Hiemtland, Herjedalia, Ongermania, and West Bothnia.

NORLANDICE BACCÆ. The fruit of the rubus arctieus of Linnéus, which this illus trious character found very grateful and refresh