allées ? 8. Elles s'en sont allées vers six heures de l'aprèsmidi. 9. L'habit que vous tenez, est-il à vous ou à votre frère? 10. Il n'est ni à lui ni à moi, il est à mon beau-frère. 11. Lui va-t-il bien? 12. Il lui va fort bien, et il lui sied bien. 13. Où l'a-t-il fait faire ? 14. Il l'a fait faire en France ou en Allemagne. 15. A qui sont les livres que lit Mademoiselle votre sœur ? 16. Ils sont à moi. 17. Votre gilet va-t-il mieux que celui de votre beau-frère ? 18. Il me va beaucoup mieux. 19. Votre habit ne vous gêne-t-il pas ? 20. Il ne saurait (cannot) me gêner, il est de beaucoup trop large. 21. Avez-vous essayé votre habit neuf ? 22. Je l'ai essayé, mais la couleur ne me sied pas. 23. Est-elle trop claire? 24. Elle est trop foncée. 25. Les couleurs foncées ne me siéent jamais.

EXERCISE 88.

7.

1. Are your friends gone away? 2. They are not yet gone away, they are still here. 3. At what hour did your mother go away? 4. She went away early this morning. 5. Did your little sister go away late? 6. She went away too soon. Does your sister's new dress become her? 8. It does not become her. 9. Why does it not become her? 10. Dark colours never become her. 11. Do light colours become your brother's wife? 12. They become her very well. 13. Are your new boots too narrow or too wide? 14. They are neither too narrow nor too wide, they fit very well. 15. Does your brother's waistcoat fit him? 16. It fits him, but it does not become him. 17. Light colours never become him. 18. Does your coat press you? 19. It does not press me, it is by far too wide. 20. Whose house is that? 21. It is my father's and brother's. 22. Whose books have you brought this morning? 23. I have brought my brother's and my sister's. 24. Whose dresses are those? 25. They are my mother's, my sister's, and my cousin's. 26. Are not those German books yours? 27. They are not mine, they are my friend's. 28. Are those pens yours or mine? 29. They are neither yours nor mine, they are my brother's. 30. Does this hat fit you? 31. Yes, Sir, it fits me, but it does not become me. 32. Is your hat too small? 33. It is too large. 34. Are your gloves too large? 35. They are too small, I cannot put them on.

SECTION XLVII.-UNIPERSONAL VERBS AND THEIR USES.

1. Que faut-il faire aujourd'hui ? 2. Aujourd'hui il faut travailler. 3. A-t-il fallu travailler fort pour finir l'ouvrage à temps? 4. Il a fallu travailler toute la journée. 5. Quand faut-il écrire à notre ami? 6. Il faut lui écrire aujourd'hui. 7. Me faut-il aller trouver mon père? 8. Il vous faut aller le trouver, il désire vous parler. 9. A-t-il besoin de quelque chose? 10. Il lui faut des livres, des plumes, et de l'encre. 11. Ne lui faut-il pas aussi de l'argent? 12. Il lui en faut beaucoup pour payer ces dettes. 13. Vous faut-il encore quelque chose? 14. Il ne me faut plus rien, j'ai tout ce qu'il me faut. 15. Ne faut-il pas du papier à votre sœur ? 16. Il ne lui en faut pas davantage.* 17. Que faut-il envoyer au chirur gien? 18. Il faut lui envoyer de l'argent, il en a grand besoin. 19. La modiste a-t-elle tout ce qu'il lui faut? 20. Elle n'a pas tout ce qu'il lui faut. 21. Combien vous faut-il ? 22. Il me faut cinq francs. 23. Ne vous faut-il pas davantage? 24. Il ne me faut pas davantage. 25. Que lui faut-il pour sa peine? 26. Il demande un franc vingt-cinq centimes.

EXERCISE 90.

1. What must we do? 2. You must bring your book and learn your lesson. 3. Is it necessary to write to your brother to-day ? 4. It is not necessary to write to him. 5. Has it been necessary to speak to your father? 6. It has been neces

8. It is necessary to go there (y). 9. Must I go to your sister? 10. You must go to her, she wishes to speak to you. 11. How much money must your brother have? 12. He must have ten francs fifty centimes. 13. How many books does your sister want? 14. She must have many books, she reads (lit) much. 15. What will you send to the surgeon? 16. We must send him our horse; his own (le sien) is sick. 17. Must he not have Must he have much? paper? 18. He must have some; he has letters to write. 19. 20. He must have a quire. 21. Do you want anything more? [See No. 13, in the French exercise above.] 22. I need something more. 23. I need nothing more. 24. Must you have one hundred francs? 25. I must have ten

money to (pour) pay his debts. 28. Has the tailor all that he wants? 29. He has not all that he wants. 30. The milliner has received all that she wants. 31. What must you have for your trouble? 32. How much do you want? 33. How much do we want? 34. What must I do? 35. You must write a letter. 36. What must she write? 37. She must write four pages. 38. She must go to church.

READING AND ELOCUTION.-XIII. ANALYSIS OF THE VOICE (continued), VIII-CORRECT INFLECTION (continued. Both inflections, the Rising and the Falling, in connection. Rule 1.-When negation is opposed to affirmation, the former has the rising, the latter the falling inflection, in whatever order they occur, and whether in the same or in different sentences,

as:

He did not call me, but you.

He was esteemed not for wealth, but for wisdom. Study not for amusement, but for improvement.

This adverb can never be placed before a substantive.

He called you, not mé.

He was esteemed for wisdom, not for wealth. Study for improvement, not for amusement. This proposal is not a mere idle cómpliment. It proceeds from the sincerest and deepest feelings of our hearts.

Howard visited all Europe, not to survey the sumptuousness of palaces, or the stateliness of témples; not to make accurate measurements of the remains of ancient grandeur; not to form a scale of the curiosities of modern árt; not to collect medals or collate mánuscripts; but to dive into the depths of dùngeons; to plunge into the infection of hospitals; to survey the mansions of sorrow and pain; to take the gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt; to remember the forgotten, to attend to the neglected, to visit the forsáken, and to compare and collate the distresses of all men in all countries.

Note.-A similar principle applies to the reading of conces sions and of unequal antitheses or contrasts. In the latter, the less important member has the rising, and the preponderant one the falling inflection, in whatever part of a sentence they occur, and even in separate sentences, as :

Science may raise you to éminence. But virtue alone can guide you to happiness.

I rather choose

To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you,
Than I will wrong such honourable men.

Exception.-When negation is emphatic or preponderant, it takes the falling inflection, as :

He may yield to persuasion, but he will never submit to force.

We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; perplexed, but not in despair; pérsecuted, but not forsaken; cast down, but not destroyed.

Rule 2.-In question and answer, the falling inflection ends as far below the average level of the sentence, as the rising ends above it. In this way, a certain exact correspondence of sound to sound, in the inflections, is produced, which gives to the full downward slide of the answer a decisive and satisfactory intonation, as a reply to the rising slide of the question, as :

Are they Hebrews ?-So am I. Are they 'Israelites ?-So am I. What would content you, in a political leader ?—Tálent? No 'Enterprise? No-Courage? No!-Reputation ? Nò!-Virtue ? No!-The man whom you would select, should possess not óne, but all of these.

Rule 3.-When a question consists of two contrasted parts, connected in syntax by the conjunction or, used in a disjunctive sense, the former has the rising, and the latter the falling inflection, as :

His form had not yet lost

All her original brightness, nor appeared
Less than archangel ruined, and the excess
Of glory obscured. As when the sun, new-risen,
Looks through the horizontal misty air,
Shorn of his béams, ōr from behind the mōon,
In dim eclipse, disastrous twilight sheds

On half the nations, and with fear of change
Perplexes monarchs.

And I saw a great white throne and Him that sat on it, from whōse face the heavens and the earth filed away; and there was found no place for them.

Upon my secure hōur thy uncle stole,
With juice of cursed hebenon in a vial,
And in the porches of mine ears did pour
The leperous distilment; whose effect
Hōlds such an enmity with blood of män,
That swift as quicksilver it courses through
The natural gates and alleys of the body,
And, with a sudden vigour, it doth posset
And curd, like eager droppings into milk,
The thin and wholesome blood; so did it mine;
And a most instant tetter bárked about,
Most lazar-like, with vile and loathsome crust,
All my smooth body.
Rule on

"Harmonic" Inflections. "Harmonic" inflections-or those which, in emphatic phrases, are intended to prevent the frequent occurrence of emphasis in the same phrase from becoming monotonous to the ear-are applied in clauses of which every word is emphatic, and are marked by a distinct and separate inflection, as :

He has been guilty of one of the most shameful àcts || that ever de

graded the NATURE | or the NA'ME of MAN.

to give the more vivid and pungent force to vehement emphasis. Note. In such cases the inflections usually alternate, in order Rule on Repeated Words, Phrases, and Sentences. Words, phrases, and sentences which are repeated for effect, rise higher, or fall lower in inflection, besides increasing in force, at every repetition.

From these walls a spirit shall go forth, that shall survive when this edifice shall be, like an unsubstantial pageant, faded." It shall go

Would the influence of the Bible-even if it were not the record of a divine revelation-be to render princes more tyrannical, or subjects more ungovernable; the rich more insolent, or the poor more disCrderly; would it make worse párents or children-húsbands or wives -másters or sérvants-friends or néighbours? Ort would it not make men more virtuous,† and consequently more happy, in every situation?

Rule on the Circumflex, or Wave.

The circumflex, or wave, applies to all expressions used in a peculiar sense, or with a double meaning, and to the tones of mockery, sarcasm, and irony, as :

You may avoid a quarrel with an if. reacemaker: much virtue in an if.

Your if is the only

From the very first night-and to say it I am boldI've been so very hot, that I'm sure I've caught cold! Go hang a calfskin on these recreant limbs!

What a beautiful piece of work you have made by your carelessness! The weights had never been accused of light conduct.

* In successive questions, the rising inflection becomes higher at every stage, unless the last has, as in the above example, the falling inflection of consummating emphasis.

The last or is used disjunctively, and forms an example to the Rule, and not to the Note.

remembering, in the days of its prosperity, the pledges it gave in the time of its depression. IT SHALL GO FORTH, uniting a disposition to correct abuses, to redress grievances. IT SHALL GO FOʻRTH, uniting the disposition to improve, with the resolution to maintain and defend, by that spirit of unbought affection, which is the chief defence of nations.

What was it, fellow-citizens, which gave to Lafayette his spotless fame?-The love of liberty. What has consecrated his memory in the hearts of good men ?-THE LOVE OF LIBERTY. What nerved his youthful arm with strength, and inspired him in the morning of his days with sagacity and counsel ?-THE LIVING LOVE OF LIBERTY. To what did he sacrifice power, and rank, and country, and freedom itself ?—TO THE LOVE OF LIBERTY PROTECTED BY LA`W.

LESSONS IN PENMANSHIP.-XXVI. WITH this lesson, which is accompanied by copy-slips headed by the remaining capital letters of the writing alphabet, from S to Z, we complete our elementary series of Lessons in Penmanship, having enabled the self-teacher, by an easy and carefully graduated succession of steps, to advance from the formation of the first elementary stroke that enters into the composition of the small letters, to writing sentences in which are to be found capital letters and figures, as well as small letters. We have now done as much for him as it is possible to do by verbal instruction, and it remains for the learner to acquire an easy, flowing style of writing, and facility and rapidity in the use of

He called you, not mé.

He was esteemed for wisdom, not for wealth.
Study for improvement, not for amusement.

This proposal is not a mere idle cómpliment. It proceeds from the sincerest and deepest feelings of our hearts.

Howard visited all Europe, not to survey the sumptuousness of palaces, or the stateliness of témples; not to make accurate measurements of the remains of ancient grandeur; not to form a scale of the curiosities of modern árt; not to collect medals or collate mánuscripts; but to dive into the depths of dungeons; to plunge into the infection of hospitals; to survey the mansions of sorrow and pain; to take the gauge and dimensions of misery, depréssion, and contempt; to remember the forgotten, to attend to the neglected, to visit the forsáken, and to compare and collate the distresses of all men in all countries.

Note.-A similar principle applies to the reading of conces sions and of unequal antitheses or contrasts. In the latter, the less important member has the rising, and the preponderant one the falling inflection, in whatever part of a sentence they occur, and even in separate sentences, as :

Science may raise you to éminence. to happiness.

But virtue alone can guide you

I rather choose

To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you,
Than I will wrong such honourable men.

Exception. When negation is emphatic or preponderant, it takes the falling inflection, as:

He may yield to persuasion, but he will never submit to force.

We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; perplexed, but not in despair; pérsecuted, but not forsaken; cast down, but not destroyed.

Rule 2.-In question and answer, the falling inflection ends as far below the average level of the sentence, as the rising ends above it. In this way, a certain exact correspondence of sound to sound, in the inflections, is produced, which gives to the full downward slide of the answer a decisive and satisfactory intonation, as a reply to the rising slide of the question, as :

Are they Hebrews ?-So am I. Are they 'Israelites ?-So am I. What would content you, in a political leader ?-Tálent? No! 'Enterprise? No!-Cóurage? No!-Reputation ? No!-*Virtue? No-The man whom you would select, should possess not óne, but all of these.

Rule 3.-When a question consists of two contrasted parts, connected in syntax by the conjunction or, used in a disjunctive sense, the former has the rising, and the latter the falling inflection, as :

Rule on the Monotone.

The tones of grand and sublime description, profound reverence or awe, of amazement and horror, are marked by the monotone, or perfect level of voice.

Note.-A monotone is always on a lower pitch than the preceding part of a sentence; and to give the greater effect to its deep solemn note-which resembles the tolling of a heavy bell it sometimes destroys all comma pauses, and keeps up one continuous stream of overflowing sound, as :—

His form had not yet lost

All her original brightness, nor appeared
Less than archangel ruined, and the excess
Of glory obscured. As when the sun, new-risen,
Looks through the horizontal misty air,
Shorn of his béams, ōr from behind the mōon,
In dim eclipse, disastrous twilight shēds

On half the nations, and with fear of change
Perplexes inonarchs.

And I saw a great white throne and Him that sat on it, from whōse face the heavens and the earth fled away; and there was found nō plăce for them.

Upon my secure hōur thy uncle stole,
With juice of cursed hebenon in a vial,
And in the porches of mine ears did põur
The leperous distilment; whose effect
Holds such an enmity with blood of mån,
That swift as quicksilver it courses through
The natural gates and alleys of the body,
And, with a sudden vigour, it doth posset
And curd, like eager droppings into milk,
The thin and wholesome blood; so did it mine;
And a most instant tetter barked about,
Most lazar-like, with vile and loathsome crust,
All my smooth body.

Rule on

"Harmonic" Inflections. "Harmonic" inflections-or those which, in emphatic phrases, are intended to prevent the frequent occurrence of emphasis in the same phrase from becoming monotonous to the ear—are applied in clauses of which every word is emphatic, and are marked by a distinct and separate inflection, as :—

He has been guilty of one of the most shameful àcts || that éver de

graded the N'ATURE || or the NA'ME || of M'AN.

to give the more vivid and pungent force to vehement emphasis. Note. In such cases the inflections usually alternate, in order Rule on Repeated Words, Phrases, and Sentences. Words, phrases, and sentences which are repeated for effect, rise higher, or fall lower in inflection, besides increasing in force, at every repetition.

From these walls a spirit shall go forth, that shall survive when this edifice shall be, like an unsubstantial pageant, faded." It shall go

Would the influence of the Bible-even if it were not the record of a divine revelation-be to render princes more tyrannical, or subjects more ungovernable; the rich more insolent, or the poor more disorderly; would it make worse párents or children-húsbands or wives -másters or sérvants-friends or néighbours? Ort would it not make men more virtuous,† and consequently more happy, in every situation?

Rule on the Circumflex, or Wave.

The circumflex, or wave, applies to all expressions used in a peculiar sense, or with a double meaning, and to the tones of mockery, sarcasm, and irony, as:—

You may avoid a quarrel with an if. reacemaker: much virtue in an if,

Your if is the only

From the very first night-and to say it I am boldI've been so very hot, that I'm sure I've caught cold! Go hang a calfskin on these recreant limbs!

What a beautiful piece of work you have made by your carelessness! The weights had never been accused of light conduct.

In successive questions, the rising inflection becomes higher at every stage, unless the last has, as in the above example, the falling inflection of consummating emphasis.

The last or is used disjunctively, and forms an example to the Rule, and not to the Note.

remembering, in the days of its prosperity, the pledges it gave in the time of its depression. IT SHALL GO fo'rth, uniting a disposition to correct abuses, to redress grievances. IT SHALL GO FOʻRTH, uniting the disposition to improve, with the resolution to maintain and defend, by that spirit of unbought affection, which is the chief defence of nations.

What was it, fellow-citizens, which gave to Lafayette his spotless fame?-The love of liberty. What has consecrated his memory in the hearts of good men ?-THE LOVE OF LIBERTY. What nerved his youthful arm with strength, and inspired him in the morning of his days with sagacity and counsel ?-THE LIVING LOVE OF LIBERTY. To what did he sacrifice power, and rank, and country, and freedom itself ?-TO THE LOVE OF LIBERTY PROTECTED BY LAW.

LESSONS IN PENMANSHIP.-XXVI. WITH this lesson, which is accompanied by copy-slips headed by the remaining capital letters of the writing alphabet, from S to Z, we complete our elementary series of Lessons in Penmanship, having enabled the self-teacher, by an easy and carefully graduated succession of steps, to advance from the formation of the first elementary stroke that enters into the composition of the small letters, to writing sentences in which are to be have now done as much for him as it is possible to do by verbal found capital letters and figures, as well as small letters. We instruction, and it remains for the learner to acquire an easy, flowing style of writing, and facility and rapidity in the use of