Not to be reached; not to be approached (Ray).

IÑA'CCURACY. s. (from inaccurate.) CURACY Want of exactness.

INACCURATE. a. (in and accurate.) Not

exact; not accurate.

INACTION. 8. (inaction, French.) Cessation from labour; forbearance of labour (Pope).

INACTIVE. a. (in and active.) Not busy; not diligent; idle; indolent; sluggish. INA'CTIVELY. ad. Idly; without labour; without motion; sluggishly (Locke). INACTIVITY. 8. (in and activity.) Idleness; rest; sluggishness (Rogers).

INA'DEQUATE. a. (in and adæquatus, Latin.) Not equal to the purpose; defective

LINADEQUATELY, ad. Defectively; not

completely (Boyle).

INADVERTENCE. 8. (inadvertance, INADVERTENCY. French.) 1. Carelessness; negligence; inattention (South). 2. Act or effect of negligence (Ad.). INADVERTENT. a. (in and advertens, Latin.) Negligent; careless.

INADVERTENTLY. ad. Carelessly; negligently (Clarissa).

INALIENABLE. a. (in and alienable.) That cannot be alienated, or granted to another.

INALIME/NTAL. a. (in and alimental.) Affording no nourishment (Bacon).

INAMI'SSIBLE. a. (inamissible, French.) Not to be lost (Hammond).

INA'NE. a. (inanis, Latin.) Empty; void (Locke).

To INA'NIMATE. v. a. (in and animo, Latin.) To animate; to quicken: not in use (Donne).

INANIMATE.

INA'NIMATED.a. (inanimatus, Latin.) Void of life; without animation (Bacon. Cheyney.

IÑANITION. 8. (inanition, French.) Emptiness of body; want of fulness in the vessels of the animal (Arbuthnot).

INA'NITY. s. (from inanis, Latin.) Emptiness; void space (Digby).

INA'PPETENCY. s. (in and appetentia, Latin.) Want of stomach or appetite. INAPPLICABLE. a. (in and applicable.) Not to be put to a particular use. INAPPLICABILITY. s. (from inapplicable.) Unfitness for the particular purpose. INAPPLICATION. 8. (inapplication, Fr.) Indolence; negligence.

INA'RABLE. a. (in and aro, Latin.) capable of tillage.

Not

In

To INA'RCH. v. a. (in and arch.) arching is called grafting by approach; and is used when the stock and the tree may be joined (Miller).

INARCHING, or INARCH-GRAFTING, in gardening, a mode of grafting, by which the parts of different trees, intended to be united, are bent down and placed in contact while the trees remain growing. This process,

which is sometimes called, also, ABIACTUTION, can only be performed when the stocks that are designed to be grafted, and the tree from which the graft is to be taken, stand so near as that they may be easily made to meet. It is commonly practised on tender exotic plants, and some other sorts which do not succeed by any of the other methods. In performing the process, a part of the stock or branch is slit off, about two inches in length, a smooth part of the stock being always chosen for the purpose: then a small notch made in this slit of the stock downward, in the same manner as is used for whipgrafting the branch of the tree designed to be inarched having a part slit off in the same manner as the stock, and a slit made upward in it, a which

tongue should be inserted into the slit of

the stock, joining their rinds equally, that they may unite well together: after which a ligature of bass should be made, so as to keep them exactly in their situation, and afterwards this part of the stock clayed over well to keep out the air. In this method of grafting, the scion is not separated from the tree until it is firmly united with the stock; nor is the head of the stock or branch, which is grafted, cut off till the same time, and only half the wood pared off with a slope, about three inches in length, and the same of the scion or graft. In this method of grafting, the operation is not performed so early in the season as in the others, never being done till the month of April, when the sap is flowing; at which time the scion and stock will join together, and unite much sooner than at any other season or period of the year. It is principally employed in raising jasmines, oranges, and other exotic trees of the harder kinds.

It has been found that the walnut, fig, and mulberry will take by this method of grafting, while neither of them succeed in any of the other modes. Several sorts of evergreens may likewise be propagated by this method of grafting; but all the trees that are grafted in this way are weak, and never grow to the size of those which are grafted by the other methods. It is hence rarely practised, except on such sorts of trees as will not succeed otherwise.

The Chinese process of inarching is of a very different character from the above, and on many accounts is worthy of notice. This is called by Dr. Hewitson the process of ABSCISSION, and affords a promise of the production of fruit much earlier than from seeds, or than from any other mode of grafting, though it is probable a larger period would be necessary for the process in England than in India. We shall take our ac count from Dr. Hewitson's description in vol. xxv. of the Transactions of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. "They select," says he, "a tree of that species which they wish to propagate, and fix upon such a branch as

will least hurt or disfigure the tree by its removal. Round this branch, and as near as they can conveniently to its junction with the trunk, they wind a rope made of straw, besmeared with cow-dung, until a ball is formed five or six times the diameter of the branch. This is intended as a bed into which the young roots may shoot. Having performed this part of the operation, they immediately under the tree divide the bark down to the wood, for nearly two-thirds of the circumference of the branch. A cocoanut-shell, or small pot, is then hung over the ball with a hole in its bottom, so small, that water put therein will only fall in drops. By this the rope is constantly kept moist; a circumstance necessary to the easy formation of the young roots, and to the supply of nourishment to the branch from this new channel. During three succeeding weeks nothing farther is required except supplying the vessels with water. At the expiration of that period, one-third of the remaining bark is cut, and the former incision is car ried considerably deeper into the wood, as by this time it is expected that some roots have struck into the rope, and are giving their assistance in support of the branch. After a similar period the same operation is repeated; and in about two months from the commencement of the process, the roots may generally be seen intersecting each other on the surface of the ball, which is a sign that they are sufficiently advanced to admit of the separation of the branch from the tree. This is best done by sawing it off at the incision, care being taken that the rope, which by this time is nearly rotten, is not shaken off by the motion. The branch is then planted as a young tree."

INARTICULATE. a. inarticulé, French, (in an inarticulate.) Not uttered with distinctness, like that of the syllables of human speech (Dryden).

INARTICULATELY. ad. Not distinctly. INARTICULATENESS. 8. (from inarticulate.) Confusion of sounds; want of distinctness in pronouncing.

INARTIFICIAL. a. (in and artificial.) Contrary, to art (Decay of Piety). INARTIFICIALLY. ad.

Without art : in a manner contrary to the rules of art (Collier).

INATTENTION. s. (inattention, French.) Disregard negligence; neglect (Rogers). INATTENTIVE. a. (in and attentive.) Careless; negligent; regardless (Watts). INAUDIBLE. a. (in and audible.) Not to be heard; void of sound (Shakspeare).

To INAUGURATE. v. a. (inauguro, Lat.) To consecrate; to invest with a new office by solemn rites (atton).

INAUGURATION, 8. (inauguration, Fr.) Investiture by solemn rites (Howel).

INAURATION, 8. (inauro, Latin.) The act of gilding or covering with gold (4r. buthnot).

INAUSPICIOUS. a. (in and auspicious.) Ill-omened; unlucky; unfortunate (Crashaw), INBEING, 8. (in and being.) Inherence: inseparableness (Watts).

INBORN. a. (in and born.) Innate; implanted by nature (Dryden).

INBREATHED. a. (in and breath.) In spired; infused by inspiration (Milton). INBRED.a. (in and bred.) Produced within; hatched or generated within (Milton).

INCA, or YNCA, a name given by the natives of Peru to their kings, and the princes of the blood.

INCA'GE. v. a. (in and cage.) To coop up; to shut up; to confine in a cage, or any narrow space (Shakspeare).

INCALE SCENCE. 8. (incalesco, Latin.) INCALE'SCENCY. The state of growing warm; warmth; incipient heat (Ray). INCALESCENT MERCURY, a substance prepared from mercury by Mr. Boyle, which on being mingled with gold leaf or small filings of that metal, would become hot and amalgamate with the gold.

INCA/MERATION, a term used in the chancery of Rome, for the uniting of lands, revenues, or other rights, to the pope's do

main.

INCANTATION. s. (incantation, French.) Charms uttered by singing; enchantment (Raleigh).

INCANTATORY, a. (from incanto, Lat.) Dealing by enchantment; magical (Brown). To INCANTON, v. a. (in and canton.) To unite to a canton or separate community (Addison).

INCAPABILITY. 18. (from incapable. INCAPABLENESS. J Inability natural; disqualification legal (Suckling).

INCAPABLE. a. (incapable, French.) 1. Wanting power; wanting understanding; unable to comprehend, learn, or understand (Shakspeare). 2. Not able to admit or have any thing (Clarendon). 3. Unable; not equal to any thing (Skukspeare). 4. Disqualified by law (Swift).

INCAPACIOUS. a. (in and capacious.) Narrow; of small content (Burnet).

INCAPACIOUSNESS. 8. (from incapacious.) Narrowness; want of containing space. To INCAPACITATE, v. a. (in and capacitate.) 1. To disable; to weaken (Clarissa). 2. To disqualify (Arbuthnot).

INCAPACITY. s. (incapacité, French.) Inability; want of natural power; want of power of body; want of comprehensiveness of mind (Arbuthnot).

To INCARCERATE. v. a. (incarcero, Latin.) To imprison; to confine (Harvey). INCARCERATION. 8.(from incarcerate.) Imprisonment; confinement.

To INCARN. v. a. (incarno, Latin.) To cover with flesh (Wiseman).

To INCARN. v. n. To breed flesh (W ́iseman). To INCARNADINE. v. a. (incarnadino, pale, red, Italian.) To dye red (Shakspeare). To INCARNATE. v. a. (incarner, Fr.

incarno, Latin.) To clothe with flesh; to embody with flesh (Milton).

INCARNATE. partic. a. (incarnat, Fr.) Clothed with flesh; embodied in flesh (Sand.). INCARNATION. s.(incarnation, French.) 1. The act of assuming body (Taylor). 2. The state of breeding flesh (Wiseman).

INCARNATION, in theology, signifies the act whereby the Son of God assumed the human nature; or the mystery by which Jesus Christ, the eternal word, was made man, in order to accomplish the work of our salvation. The era long used among Christians, whence they number their years, was the time of the incarnation, that is, of Christ's conception in the virgin's womb (See EPOCH).

INCARNATIVE. s. (incarnatif, French.) A medicine that generates flesh (Wiseman). INCARTATION, in chymistry, the refining of gold by means of silver and aquafortis; otherwise called departing.

INCARVILLEA. In botany, a genus of the class didynamia, order angiospermia. Calyx five-cleft; corol tubular, five-cleft, unequal, with the orifice swelling: anthers, two of them with two awns, two of them awnless; cilique two-celled; seeds; seeds with membranaceous wings. One species; a native of China with herbaceous stem, and purple, terminal flowers in loose spikes.

To

To INCA/SE. v. a. (in and case.) cover; to enclose; to inwrap (Pope). INCAUTIOUS. a. (in and cautious). Unwary negligent; heedless (Keil). INCAUTIOUSLY. ad. Unwarily; heedlessly; negligently (Arbuthnot).

INCENDIARY. s. (incendiarius, from incendo, Latin.) 1. One who sets houses or towns on fire in malice or for robbery. 2. One who inflames factions, or promotes quarrels (King Charles. Bentley).

was

Among the ancients, criminals of this kind were to be burnt. Qui ædes, acervumque frumenti juxta domum positum, sciens, prudensque dolo malo combusserit, vinctus igni necatur. The punishment of arson death by our ancient Saxon laws, and by the Gothic constitutions: and in the reign of Edward I. incendiaries were burnt to death. The stat. 8 Hen. VI. c. 6. made the wilful burning of houses, under special circumstances, high treason; but it was reduced to felony by the general acts of Edward VI. and Queen Mary. This offence was denied the benefit of clergy by 21 Hen. VIII. c. 1. which statute was repealed by 1 Edw. VI. c. 12; and arson was held to be ousted of clergy, with respect to the principal, by inference from the stat. 4 and 5 P. and M. c. 4. which expressly denied it to the accessory; though now it is expressly denied to the principal also, by 9 Geo. I. c. 22.

INCENSE, or FRANKINCENSE, in the materia medica, &c. a dry resinous substance, known among authors by the names Thus and Olibanum. Incense is a rich perfume, with which the Pagans, and the Roman Ca

tholics still, perfume their temples, altars, &c. The word comes from the Latin incensum, q. d. burnt: as taking the effect for the thing itself.

The burning of incense made part of the daily service of the ancient Jewish church. The priests drew lots to know who should offer it: the destined person took a large silver dish, in which was a censer full of incense, and, being accompanied by another priest carrying some live coals from the altar, went into the temple. There, in order to give notice to the people, they struck upon an instrument of brass placed between the temple and the altar; and being returned to the altar, he who brought the fire_left it there, and went away. Then the offerer of incense, having said a prayer or two, waited the signal, which was the burning of the holocaust; immediately upon which, he set fire to the incense, the whole multitude continuing all the time in prayer. The quantity of incense offered each day was half a pound in the morning, and as much at night.

To I'NCENSE. v. a. (from the noun.) To perfume with incense.

To INCENSE, v. a. (incensus, Latin.) To enkindle to rage; to inflame with anger; to enrage; to provoke; to exasperate (Dryd.).

INCE'NSEMENT. s. (from incense.) Rage; heat; fury (Shakspeare).

INCENSION. 8. (incensio, Latin.) The act of kindling; the state of being on fire (Bacon).

INCE'NSOR. s. (Lat.) A kindler of anger; an inflamer of passions (Hayward).

INCE'NSORY. s. (from incense.) The vessel in which incense is burnt and offered (Ainsworth).

INCENTIVE. 8. (incentivum, Latin.) 1. That which kindles (King Charles). 2. That which provokes; that which encourages; incitement; motive; encouragement; spur (Addison).

INCENTIVE. a. Inciting; encouraging. INCEPTION. s. (inceptio, Latin.) Beginning (Bacon).

INCEPTIVE. a. (inceptivus, Latin.) Noting beginning (Locke).

INCEPTOR. 8. (Latin.) A beginner; one who is in his rudiments.

INCERATION. s. (incero, Latin.) The act of covering with wax.

INCERTITUDE. s. (incertitude, Fr. incertitudo, Latin.) Uncertainty; doubtfulness.

INCE'SSANT. a. (in and cessans, Latin.) Unceasing; unintermitted; continual; uninterrupted (Pope).

INCESSANTLY. ad. (from incessant.) Without intermission; continually (Addis.).

INCE'ST, the crime of venereal commerce between persons who are related in a degree prohibited marriage by the laws of the country. See CESTUS.

Some are of opinion, that marriage ought to be permitted between kinsfolks, to the

end that the affection, so necessary in marriage, might be heightened by this double tie; and yet the rules of the church have formerly extended this prohibition even to the seventh degree, but time has now brought it down to the third or fourth degree. See MARRIAGE.

Most nations look on incest with horror, Persia and Egypt alone excepted. In the history of the ancient kings of those countries, we meet with instances of the brother's marrying the sister: the reason was, because they thought it too mean to join in alliance with their own subjects; and still more so, to have married into the families of any foreign princes.

As to the Persians, there was a still more abominable sort of incest practised by their magi, if we may trust Catullus, carm. 91.

Nam magus ex matre et gnato gignatur oportet,

Si vera est Persarum impia religio. INCE'STUOUS. a. (incestueux, French.) Guilty of incest; guilty of unnatural cohabitation (South).

INCE STUOUSLY. ad. (from incestuous.) With unnatural love (Dryden).

INCH. 8. (ince, Saxon; uncia, Latin.) 1. A measure of length supposed equal to three grains of barley laid end to end; the twelfth part of a foot (Holder). 2. A proverbial name for a small quantity. 3. A nice point of time (Shakspeare).

To INCH. v. a. (from the noun.) 1. To drive by inches (Dryden). 2. To deal out by inches; to give sparingly.

To INCH. v. n. To advance or retire a little at a time.

INCH OF CANDLE, See CANDLE.

INCHCOLM, a small island of Scotland, in the Frith of Forth, near the coast of Fife; whither Alexander I. king of Scotland, is said to have been driven in a tempest, in the beginning of the twelfth century, and to have founded a monastery, in gratitude for his

escape.

INCHKENNETH, a small island near the west coast of Scotland; one mile and a half W. Mull.

INCHMARNOCH, a small island near the west coast of the Isle of Bute, where are the ruins of a chapel. The extent of this little isle is about a mile, has a hundred and twenty acres of arable land, forty of brush wood, near three hundred of moor, with strata of coral and shells on the west side.

INCHANTMENT. See ENCHANTMENT and WITCHCRAFT.

I'NCHED. a. (with a word of number before it.) Containing inches in length or breadth.

I'NCHIPIN. s. Some of the inside of a deer (Ainsworth).

I'NCHMEAL. s. (inch and meal.) A piece an inch long (Shakspeare).

To I'NCHOATE. v. n. (inchoo, Latin.) To begin; to commence (Raleigh).

INCHOA'TION. 8. (inchoatus, Latin.) Inception; beginning (Hale).

INCHOÄTIVE. a. (inchoativus, Latin.) Inceptive; noting inchoation or beginning.

To INCIDE. v. a. (from incido, Latin.) To cut. Medicines are said to incide which consist of pointed or sharp particles, by which the particles of other bodies are divided (Quincy).

INCIDENCE. } 8. (incido, to fall, Latin; INCIDENCY. incidence, French.) The direction with which one body strikes upon another; and the angle made by that line, and the plane struck upon, is called the angle of incidence (Quincy). 2. (Incidens, Latin.) Accident; hap; casualty (Shak.).

I'NCIDENT. a. (incident, Fr. incidens, Latin.) 1. Casual; fortuitous; occasional; happening accidentally; falling in beside the main design; happening beside expectation (Watts). 2. Happening; apt to happen (South).

I'NCIDENT. S. (from the adjective.) Something happening beside the main design; casualty (Dryden).

INCIDENTAL. a. Incident; casual; happening by chance (Milton).

INCIDENTALLY. ad.

Beside the main

design; occasionally (Sanderson). INCIDENTLY. ad. (from incident.) Occasionally; by the by; by the way (Bacon), To INCINERATE. v. a. (in and cineres, Latin.) To burn to ashes (Harvey).

INCIRCUMSPECTION. 8. (in and circumspection.) Want of caution; want of heed (Brown).

INCISED. a. (incisus, Lat.) Cut; made by cutting (Wiseman).

INCISION. s. (invision, French.) I. A cnt; a wound made with a sharp instru ment (South). 2. Division of viscosities by medicines (Bacon).

INCISIVE. a. (incisif, Fr. from incisus, Lat.) Having the quality of cutting or dividing (Boyle).

INCISIVUS INFERIOR. See Levator labii inferioris.

INCISIVUS LATERALIS. See LEVATOR labii superioris alæque nasi.

INCISIVUS MEDIUS. See DEPRESSOR labii superioris alæque nasi.

INCISORS, Dentes incisores, (from incido, to cut, from their use in cutting the food). The four front teeth of both jaws. See TEETH.

INCI'SORY, a. (incisoire, Fr.) Having the quality of cutting.

INCISURE. s. (incisura, Latin.) A cut; an aperture (Derham).

INCITATION. s. (incitatio, Lat.) Incitement; incentive; motive; impulse (Brown).

To INCITE. v. a. (incito, Lat.) To stir up; to push forward in a purpose; to animate; to spur; to urge on (Swift).

INCITEMENT. 8. (from incite.) Motive; incentive; impulse; inciting power (Milton). INCIVIL. a. (incivil, Fr.) Unpolished. INCIVILITY. 8. (incivilité, French.) 1.